Deltas Mississippi Delta

Growth faulted deltaic areas are highly prospective since they comprise of thick sections of good quality reservoir sands. Deltas usually overlay organic rich marine clays which can source the structures on maturation. Examples are the Niger, Baram or Mississippi Deltas. Clays, deposited within deltaic sequences may restrict the water expulsion during the rapid sedimentation / compaction. This can lead to the generation of overpressures. 

Arthur RD, Cain JD, Barrentine BE. 1976. Atmospheric levels of pesticides in the Mississippi Delta. Bull Environ Contam 15 129-134. 

The total cost for full-season weed control varies considerably with a specific crop or among different crops (21, 22). The production environment, especially the amount of available moisture influences the weed control strategy and the costs incurred. For example, in cotton the total cost for full-season weed control in West Texas was 76/ha, but in the Mississippi Delta the cost was 156/ha (20). 

McDowell, L.L., G.H. Willis, C.E. Murphree, L.M. Southwick, and S. Smith. 1981. Toxaphene and sediment yields in runoff from a Mississippi Delta watershed. Jour. Environ. Qual. 10 168-173. 

Atmospheric concentrations of endrin in the vicinity of manufacturing facilities were higher than those found in non-source areas of the United States. Eight hundred meters from 2 formulation plants in Arkansas and 275 meters from one formulation plant in Tennessee, mean airborne concentrations of endrin were reported to be 3.3 ng/m3 and 3.5 ng/m3, respectively, during 1970-72 (Lewis and Lee 1976). Endrin was also detected in air in industrial or source-dominated regions of the Mississippi Delta in 1972-74, and in Tennessee in 1971 (EPA 1985e). 

Mirex levels in the blood of pregnant women in Jackson, Mississippi, and the Mississippi Delta area where mirex was extensively used were correlated with the health of the infants they bore. The mean mirex level in maternal blood was 0.54 pg/L (ppb) for 106 samples however, mirex levels in the blood of the infants were not correlated with differences in gestation times, Apgar score, or other problems at birth. Only three children with neurological problems had mothers with pesticide levels, including mirex, above the mean levels (Lloyd et al. 1974). 

Zimmerman, L.R. Thurman, E.M. Bastian, K.C. 2000, Detection of persistent organic pollutants in the Mississippi Delta using semipermeable membrane devices. Sci.Total Environ. 248 169-179. 

A new gin for ginning spindle-picked cotton was constructed in the Mississippi Delta in 1977. The layout of the machinery, doors, and waste collecting system was designed to reduce worker and community exposure to airborne dust by optimizing functional area locations with respect to the prevailing winds from the southwest and northwest. Dust levels were measured in this gin (16) during the peak of the ginning period in 1979, and were found to be ... 

Schrader KK, Dennis ME, Gyanobacteria and earthy/musty compounds found in commercial catfish Ictalurus punctatus) ponds in the Mississippi Delta and Mississippi-Alabama Blackland Prairie, Water Res 39 2807—2814, 2005. 

In natural environments, abiotic reduction may also be effected by a range of natural reductants including sulphide and methane. In the sulphide producing sediments in the Long Island Sound and the Mississippi Delta, for example, Fe oxides have been transformed to Fe sulphides (FeS and FeS2) (Canfield Berner, 1987 Boesen Postma, 1988). As a result, when there was a sufficient supply of reactive Fe oxides in the sediments, hardly any dissolved sulphide was found in the pore water. The reduci-... 

Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate has been detected in 24% of 901 surface water supplies at a median concentration of 10 pg/L and in 40% of 367 sediment samples at a median concentration of 1000 pg/kg in samples recorded in the STORET database in the United States (Staples et al., 1985). Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate concentrations in water from Galveston Bay, Texas, ranged from < 2 to 12 000 ng/L (average, 600 ng/L) (Murray etal., 1981), somewhat higher than those found earlier for the Mississippi Delta... 

Harper, S.S. (1988). Sorption of metribuzin in surface and subsurface of the Mississippi Delta region. Weed Sci., 36 84—89. 

Coupe, R.H., E.M. Thurman, and L.R. Zimmerman (1998). Relation of usage to the occurrence of cotton and rice herbicides in three streams of the Mississippi Delta Environ. Sci. Technol., 32 3673-3680. 

Whitehouse and McCarter (1958) Recent marine mud, Mississippi delta region, La., U.S.A. 

In addition, relatively little petrographic work, such as that done by Cohen, Spackman and Dolsen (3) on Florida peats, has been attempted on Mississippi River Delta Plain sediments. This paper describes results of a reconnaissance study undertaken to examine, both chemically and petrographically, the occurrence of sulfur in Mississippi Delta Plain sediments. 

In summary, these studies point toward important roles for organic matter and salinity in determining sulfur behavior, but are not focused on intermediate sediments and, with a few exceptions (3), are not petrographic in nature. A reconnaissance investigation was undertaken to ascertain possible influences on sulfur incorporation in Mississippi Delta Plain sediments and to determine forms of sulfur in these sediments. 

Figure 2.12 The four major pre-modern complexes and the modern Mississippi Delta that have resulted from various stages of abandonment. (Modified from Boyd and Penland, 1988.)...

Euxinic and semi-Euxinic Amazon delta (marine C) Amazon delta (terrestrial C) Mississippi delta (marine C)... 

Boyd, R., and Penland, S. (1988) A geomorphic model for Mississippi delta evolution. Trans. Gulf Coast Assoc. Geol. Soc. 38, 443-452. 

Fisk, H.N. (1955) Sand facies of Recent Mississippi Delta Deposits. World Petroleum Congress, Rome. 

Presley, B.J., Refrey, J.H., and Shokes, R.F. (1980) Heavy metal inputs to Mississippi Delta sediments. Wat. Air Soil Pollut. 13, 481-494. 

Tornqvist, T.E., and Gonzalez, J.L. (2002) Reconstructing background rates of sea-level rise as a tool for forecasting coastal wetland loss, Mississippi Delta. EOS 83, 530-531. 

Trowbridge, A.C. (1930) Building of the Mississippi delta. Bull. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. 14, 867-901. 

In the United States, two ammonia pipelines deliver ammonia to the Mississippi delta and to the Texas and Oklahoma panhandle region. Direct sales by basic producers are generally at wholesale prices. Basic producers also sell to distributors and jobbers for resale to end users buying smaller quantities. Distributors of ammonia to industrial end users have their own storage facilities, packaging plants and distribution networks. They are able to supply end users that buy in less-than-truckload quantities (a minimum of 1,000 to 2,000 pounds or 450 to 910 kilograms) or in cylinders or bottles57. 

This chapter presents the results of a number of selected studies of elements in various fish and seafood in the Louisiana coastal region. Some results from nearby areas, particularly in the Gulf region and Mississippi delta region, are presented for completeness and comparison. In some cases the studies were performed for toxicological purposes and the prediction of metal concentrations. Some studies also involved organic chemicals and these are included for completeness. 

Shokes, R. F. 1976. "Rate dependent distributions of Pb-210 and interstitial sulfate in sediment of the Mississippi delta." Tech. Rep. Ref. 76-1-T. Office Naval Research. 

---