Decane viscosity

When the polar additive nonylic acid was added into hexade-cane liquid, the contact ratio becomes much smaller than that of pure hexadecane, which is shown in Fig. 39. For hexa-decane liquid, the critical speed to reach zero contact ratio is 50 mm/s, which is much higher than that of mineral oil 13604 because of its much lower viscosity. Flowever, when nonylic acid was added into the hexadecane liquid, the critical speed decreased from more than 50 mm/s to 38 mm/s. The same phenomenon can be seen in Fig. 39(h) which shows the comparison of oil 13604 and that added with 1.8 %wt. nonylic acid. The addition of polar additive reduces the contact ratio, too, but its effect is not as strong as that in hexadecane liquid because the oil 13604 has a much larger viscosity. Therefore, it can be concluded that the addition of polar additives will reduce the contact ratio because the polar additives are easy to form a thick boundary layer, which can separate asperities of the two rubbing surfaces. 

Recently, an electrorheological effect, i.e., an increase in the viscosity and dynamic shear moduli of lecithin/n-decane solutions in the presence of small amounts of polar additives (water or glycerol) when an external electric field is applied to the system, has been observed [65]. 

Iwahashi, M. Hayashi, Y. Hachiya, N. Matsuzawa, H. Kobayashi, H., Self-association of octan-l-ol in the pure liquid state and in decane solutions as observed by viscosity, selfdiffusion, nuclear magnetic resonance and near-infrared spectroscopy measurements, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 89, 707-712 (1993). 

Recently, a very interesting example of solvatochromism was reported by Fujiki and co-workers.206 Poly(methyl-3,3,3-trifluoropropylsilylene), 87, synthesized via Wurtz coupling, showed solvatochromism as a result of weak, non-covalent intramolecular Si- -F-G interactions which rendered the conformation of the polysilane uniquely controllable by solvent choice and molecular weight. UV, shown in Figure 18, photoluminescence, NMR, and viscosity studies on the polymer indicated a 73 helical rod-like conformation at room temperature in non-coordinating solvents (e.g., toluene and decane), since the intramolecular interaction resulted in constraining the chain in a rigid helix. 

Aminabhavi, T.M. and Patil, V.B. Density, refractive index, viscosity, and speed of sound in binary mixtures of ethenylbenzene with hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, and dodecane, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 42(3) 641-646, 1997. 

Two of the physical properties which are affected by temperature are vapor pressure and viscosity. The vapor pressure of n-decane approximately doubles with each rise of 10 C. This increase would double the evaporation rate and should, theoretically at least, halve the contact time of the hydrocarbon on the plant. The effects of injurious oils are closely correlated with the length of time they remain in or on the plant. Thus, consider-... 

The viscosity of oil has an important influence on the speed of entrance into the plant. As the viscosity decreases, the rate of penetration increases, as does the speed at which visible injury symptoms develop. Vapor pressure and viscosity curves for n-decane are given in Figure 2. If the two are of equal importance in hydrocarbon penetration, they would approximately cancel each other. Such a cancellation may explain the lack of a marked change in hydrocarbon toxicity with variations in temperature. 

Figure 2. Effect of Temperature on Vapor Pressure and Viscosity of n-Decane Formula and constants for calculation and a portion of the data from American Petroleum InsHtuto (I)...

Viscosity " Oxygen (02) b Carbon Dioxide (C02) Methane (CH4)c Helium (He)c Benzene (1 Decane d Acetone ... 

In several previous papers, the possible existence of thermal anomalies was suggested on the basis of such properties as the density of water, specific heat, viscosity, dielectric constant, transverse proton spin relaxation time, index of refraction, infrared absorption, and others. Furthermore, based on other published data, we have suggested the existence of kinks in the properties of many aqueous solutions of both electrolytes and nonelectrolytes. Thus, solubility anomalies have been demonstrated repeatedly as have anomalies in such diverse properties as partial molal volumes of the alkali halides, in specific optical rotation for a number of reducing sugars, and in some kinetic data. Anomalies have also been demonstrated in a surface and interfacial properties of aqueous systems ranging from the surface tension of pure water to interfacial tensions (such as between n-hexane or n-decane and water) and in the surface tension and surface potentials of aqueous solutions. Further, anomalies have been observed in solid-water interface properties, such as the zeta potential and other interfacial parameters. 

PS-PI Decane (selective for PI) Viscosity measurements. Determination of SLS, DLS, Viscometry Price ei al. (1974)... 

PS-P(E/P) M = 48 and 80.38% Decane (selective for P(E/P)) irans-Decalin (neutral) and mixtures with decane Micellar D, RH and viscosity. Evidence for micellar association Viscometry, SLS, DLS Mandema ei at. (1979a, b)... 

When the background term was neglected, we obtained v = 0.71 +0.04 for heptane in C0 , v =0.76+0.05 for benzene in CO, and v = 0.66 + 0.05 for decane in CO. We have denotea the temperature exponent of the correlation length V1 in equation 6 instead of v, and v values should be compared to a universal value of 0.67 instead of 0.63 because in our analysis v includes the -dependence of the viscosity. When we used the background viscosity for pure CO2, we did not take into account the weak divergence of viscosity which is pa, where z is a universal exponent. In fact, there is a postulate that the viscosity ratio p / p exhibits a power-law behavior as... 

The pronounced amplitude dependence of the complex modulus, referred to as the Payne effect, has also been observed in low viscosity media, e.g., composites of carbon black with decane and liquid paraffin [50], carbon black suspensions in ethylene vinylacetate copolymers [51], and clay/water suspensions [52, 53]. It was found that the storage modulus decreases with... 

Borkovec et al. [59] also reported on a two-stage percolation process for the ME AOT (Aerosol OT, bis(2-ethylhexyl)sodium sulfosuccinate) system AOT-decane-water. The structural inversions were investigated using viscosity, conductivity, and electro-optical effect measurements. The viscosity results showed a characteristic profile with two maxima, which was interpreted as evidence for two symmetrical percolation processes an oil percolation on the water-rich side of the phase diagram and a water percolation process on the oil-rich side. 

Figure 11 The shear viscosity for liquid decane at T = 480 K and P = 170 atm calculated three different ways NEMD-NVT, NEMD-NPX and by means of the Green-Kubo formula (Eqs. [198]). The Green-Kubo value is actually at y = 0 but is placed on the y axis as a guide to the eye. The linear regime is reached when y 0.005 ps". Note the ensemble-dependent results in the shear thinning regime.

C. J. Mundy, J. I. Siepmann, and M. L. Klein, J. Chetn. Phys., 102, 3376 (1995). Calculation of the Shear Viscosity of Decane Using a Reversible Multiple Time-Step Algorithm. 

To calculate micelle size and diffusion coefficient, the viscosity and refractive index of the continuous phase must be known (equations 2 to 4). It was assumed that the fluid viscosity and refractive index were equal to those of the pure fluid (xenon or alkane) at the same temperature and pressure. We believe this approximation is valid since most of the dissolved AOT is associated with the micelles, thus the monomeric AOT concentration in the continuous phase is very small. The density of supercritical ethane at various pressures was obtained from interpolated values (2B.). Refractive indices were calculated from density values for ethane, propane and pentane using a semi-empirical Lorentz-Lorenz type relationship (25.) Viscosities of propane and ethane were calculated from the fluid density via an empirical relationship (30). Supercritical xenon densities were interpolated from tabulated values (21.) The Lorentz-Lorenz function (22) was used to calculate the xenon refractive indices. Viscosities of supercritical xenon (22)r liquid pentane, heptane, decane (21) r hexane and octane (22.) were obtained from previously determined values. 

Supercritical Alkanes. Figure 5 compares diffusion coefficients for reverse micelles diffusion coefficients measured in liquids generally decrease by 10 to 15 percent as pressure is increased to 400 bar, and show the expected systematic increase as alkane length decreases (and viscosity increases). 

The values in these tables were generated from the NIST REFPROP software (Lemmon, E. W., McLinden, M. O., and Huber, M. L., NIST Standard Reference Database 23 Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties—REEPROP, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Standard Reference Data Program, Gaithersburg, Md., 2002, Version 7.1). The primary source for the thermodynamic properties is Lemmon, E. W,. and Span, R., Short Fundamental Equations of State for 20 Industrial Fluids, /, Chem. Eng. Data, 51(3) 785-850,2006. The source for viscosity is Huber, M. L., Laesecke, A., and Xiang, H. W, Viscosity Correlations for Minor Constituent Fluids in Natural Gas n-Octane, n-Nonane and n-decane, Fluid Those Equilibria 224 263-270,2004. The source for thermal conductivity is Huber, M. L., and Perkins, R. A., Thermal Conductivity Correlations for Minor Constituent Fluids in Natural Gas n-Octane, n-Nonane and n-Decane, Fluid Phase Equilibria 227 47-55, 2004. 

Aminabhavi, T. M., Patil, V. B., Aralaguppi, M. I., Phayde, H. T.S., Density, Viscosity, and Refractive Index of the Binary Mixtures of Cyclohexane with Hexane, Heptane, Octane, Nonane, and Decane, J. Chem. Eng. Data 1996, 41, 521 525. 

The selection of an "inert" or "non-reactive" liquid may depend on the particular applications of the glovebox. However, desirable properties ordinarily include low vapor pressure and viscosity, a broad liquid range, and compatibility with flexible tubing materials. For organometallic applications an additional consideration is poor ligating ability, since trace levels of a coordinating coolant might compete for an active coordination site. These criteria may be met by a variety of saturated hydrocarbons (such as decane or decahydronaphthalene) which can be prepurified by distillation at reduced pressure from sodium. 

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