Electrorheological effect

Recently, an electrorheological effect, i.e., an increase in the viscosity and dynamic shear moduli of lecithin/n-decane solutions in the presence of small amounts of polar additives (water or glycerol) when an external electric field is applied to the system, has been observed [65]. 

Winslow effect See electrorheological effect. wrought iron A form of iron that contains no more than about 1 percent carbon. 

T. Kyu and A. Eisenberg, Electrorheological effects in ionomer membranes. I. Nafion membrane, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Lett., 1983, 21, 589-592. 

Electrorheological Fluid A dispersion of microscopic particles suspended in a low permittivity, low conductivity liquid such that the dispersion s flow properties change in the presence of electric fields. Also termed ER fluids the electrorheological effect is also termed the Winslow effect. When an electric field is applied to an ER fluid, the polarizable particles become electric dipoles and can align to form chains and more complex structures as a result the fluid becomes more viscous and may form a gel. Example cornstarch dispersed in corn oil and subjected to an electric field gradient of about 10,000 V/cm. See also reference 18. 

J. Yin, X. Xia, L. Xiang, Y. Qiao, and X. Zhao, The electrorheological effect of polyaniline nanofiber, nanoparticle and microparticle suspensions. Smart Mater. Struct., 18, 095007 (llpp) (2009). 

Y.P. Qiao, J.B. Yin, X.P. Zhao, Oleophilicity and the strong electrorheological effect of surface-modified titanium oxide nano-particles. Smart Mater. Struct., 2007,16,332. 

W.J. Wen, X.X. Huang, P. Sheng, Particle size scaling of the giant electrorheological effect, Appl. Phys. Lett., 2004,85, 299. 

K. Yatsuzuka, K. Miura, N. Kuramoto, K. Asano, Observation of the electrorheological effect of sihcone oil/polymer particles suspension, IEEE Trans. IAS, 1995,31,457. 

K. Asano, H. Suto, K. Yatsuzuka, Influence of the particle configmation on electrorheological effect, J. Electrostal., 1997,40-41,573. 

J.B. Yin, X. Xia, X.X. Wang, X.P. Zhao, The electrorheological effect and dielectric properties of suspensions containing polyanihne titania nanoca-ble-like particles, Soft Matter, 2011,7,10978. 

Kaneko, K. Kawai, T. Nakamura, N., Electrorheological Effect of Side-On Liquid Crystalline Polysiloxane. ChemPhysChem 2008, 9, 2457-2460. 

Journal of Applied Polymer Science 68, No. 13, 27th June 1998, p.2169-74 ONE-STEP PREPARATION OF ELECTRORHEOLOGICAL SUSPENSION CONTAINING POLY(LITfflUM ACRYLATE) VIA INVERSE EMULSION POLYMERISATION AND STUDY OF ITS ELECTRORHEOLOGICAL EFFECT... 

The separation of the true response time of the electroviscous, Winslow or electrorheological effect from unsteady pressure recordings of the step input type is a complex and tedious affair. Experimentation carried out in this domain is expensive and time-consuming, not least on account of the many variations of electrode separation and length, the number of variables and the different input frequencies involved. Again, because of these problems any data presented for appraisal should be treated with caution. It is necessary to ensure exactly what information has been put forward and, from what kind of test and how it was derived. Also, a model of the constitutive form... 

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