Debris waste

D. Singh, A. Wagh, M. Tlustochowicz, and S. Jeong, Phosphate ceramic process for macroencapsulation and stabilization of low-level debris waste, Waste Mgmt, 18 (1998) 135-143. 

In another study, researchers stabilized debris waste produced from scraping the internal surface of pipes from the Oak Ridge K-25 plant that was destined for demolition at one of the DOE sites [23]. The actual work was conducted at ANL. 

Composition Used in Microencapsulation of K-25 Debris Waste Streams. 

Two cast iron pipe sections (Schedule 40, carbon steel), 4.5 in. (11 cm) diameter and 7 in. (18 cm) long, were used. Both ends of the pipes were sealed by welding cast iron round plates on them. They were contaminated internally with one of the debris wastes described in Section 17.5.1. 

Provide separate waste containers for the collection of construction debris waste and rancid trash or garbage. Make sure trash is disposed of at regular intervals. 

Scrap from municipal refuse may be in the form of source-separated steel cans, a mixed ferrous fraction, metal magnetically separated from mixed waste or incinerator ash, and C D debris. An ASTM specification (E1134-86) was developed in 1991 for source-separated steel cans. The Steel Recycling Institute has a descriptive steel can specification entitled "Steel Can Scrap Specifications". PubHshed standards for municipal ferrous scrap also include ASTM E701-80, which defines chemical and physical test methods, and ASTM E702-85 which covers the chemical and physical requirements of ferrous scrap for several scrap-consurning industries. 

Construction Waste oA Demolition Debris Recycling—A Primer, PubHcation. No. GR-REC 300, The SoHd Waste Association of North America, Silver Spring, Md., Oct. 1993. 

Special wastes. Wastes such as street sweepings, roadside litter, catch-basin debris, dead animals, and abandoned vehicles are classified as special wastes. 

Orifice scrubbers generally do not require precleaning, unless the waste gas contains large pieces of debris. Precooling may be necessary for high temperature waste gas flows which increase the evaporation of the scrubbing liquid. 

In developing a separation strategy, the size distribution of the components found in the contaminated medium can be used as a starting point. As an initial step, debris (such as rocks, etc.) can be separated from the remainder of the waste. After the debris is removed, other separation techniques can be employed to concentrate the waste further or physically manipulate the waste into a form suitable for treatment. 

In order to develop measures for removal of debris from the waste matrix, the general types of debris anticipated need to be identified. A composite list, based on debris found at 29 Superfund sites, was developed. The list includes cloth, glass, ferrous materials, nonferrous materials, metal objects, construction debris, electrical devices, wood existing in a number of different forms, rubber, plastic, paper, etc., as presented in Table 11. Similar types of debris would be expected at RCRA sites. 

Once the debris has been removed from the waste material, the preparation of the waste for treatment can begin. Over the years, the construction, mining, and manufacturing industries have developed various pieces of equipment that are geared for the specific purpMse of separating materials and making process streams uniform. The raw materials... 

Biomass A mass or clump of living organisms feeding on the wastes in wastewater, dead organisms and other debris. 

In small boiler systems, the use of CR system strainers and high-temperature-resistant bag filters are highly recommended to prevent this corrosion debris from entering the FW system. In larger plants, condensate polishers or electromagnetic separators may be employed. Condensate dumping may even take place, although this is a wasteful and expensive process because both water and heat are lost. 

An "amazing amount of trash", mostly plastic objects, is stranded on the Atlantic coast of Florida during onshore winds, particularly in winter (55). While some of this debris was of United States origin (from local sources or from entrainment in the Florida Current of wastes from shipping), the remainder was of Venezuelan, Columbian, and Jamaican origin. Debris from the easternmost Caribbean and the northern coast of South America could be transported to the Atlantic coast of Florida by the Guiana and Antilles Currents in about four months. Alternatively, debris from the southern or southwestern part of the Caribbean could be carried by the Caribbean Current via the Yucatan Channel and Straits of Florida to the Atlantic coast of Florida in as little as two months. 

In the South Pacific, man-made debris was surveyed on 24 islands in the Thousand Island archipelago north of Java in 1985 (66). Polyethylene bags, footwear and polystyrene blocks comprised more than 90% of the 27,600 items. The main source of this debris is the dumping of rubbish and domestic and industrial waste directly into the sea at Jakarta. On New Zealand beaches, plastic litter was widely distributed and predominantly in the form of polyethylene and polypropylene beads. Near Auckland and Wellington concentrations exceeded 10,000 and 40,000 beads m of beach, and the unweathered appearance of the beads implied a nearby source (66). 

U.S. EPA has proposed TSCA standards for the disposal of lead-based paint (LBP) debris to replace RCRA regulations. The new standards would establish disposal standards for LBP debris and identify recycling and incineration activities that would be controlled or prohibited. To avoid duplicative regulation, the waste that is subject to these new standards would not be subject to RCRA hazardous waste determination. 

The contained-in policy is a special, more flexible version of the mixture and derived-from rules that applies to environmental media and debris contaminated with hazardous waste. Environmental media is the term U.S. EPA uses to describe soil, sediments, and groundwater. Debris is a term U.S. EPA uses to describe a broad category of larger manufactured and naturally occurring objects that are commonly discarded. Examples of debris include the following ... 

The only depositional landform associated with mass wasting is the talus cone or rock debris cone . In barren deserts or mountains, temperature differences between day and night can be considerable and this frequently results in thermal disintegration of rocks. Salt crystals in the fissures may accelerate the process. Detached fragments of rocks and stones accumulate in debris cones at the foot of an inselberg or mountain. 

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