Database identifier numbers

The database identifier is the name of the database that contains the linked entry. The primary identifier (in most cases the accession number) is the entry s primary key, while the secondary identifier complements the information given by the first identifier. The currently linked databases are listed in Table II. 

Every rule defined in the program was labelled internally by a tracking variable. When the program attempts to execute a rule, this tracking variable is added to the database identified by a number that is defined within the rule. This tracking variable has the form ... 

CAS numbers are identifying numbers allocated to each distinctly definable chemical substance indexed by CAS since 1965 (plus some retrospective allocation of numbers by CAS to compounds from earlier index periods). The numbers have no chemical significance but they provide a label for each substance independent of any system of nomenclature. They are extensively used for exchanging information between individuals and databases. The numbers take the form NNNNNN-NN-R, where the total number of digits is five or more and R is a check digit. 

Support measures how often the rules occur in database. To determine the support for each rules produced, several arguments have been identified in calculating the support such as Total Transaction in database and number of occurrences for each rules. The formula for support is shown in Figure 8. 

The information needed to uniquely identify a catalytic material in the database, which consists of a unique database identifier for the experiment considered, the number of the current generation, and the number of the catalyst within that generation. 

EST queries can be accessed from the EST project pages (see ESTs and Full-length cDNA Clones below). Search by identifier allows users to query by identifier number or GenBank or dbEST accession number for any of the cDNA libraries. Search by homology allows users to search through the BLAST reports for sequence similarities of the consensus sequence of a group of ESTs to Drosophila and cross-species databases by keyword (e.g., by gene name). 

Thus, if the user wants to look for literature including requested chemicals or reactions, it is possible to query the database by the first option Chemical Substance or Reaction , The compound can be entered as a query in three different ways drawing the chemical structure in a molecule editor (Chemical Structure) searching by names or identification number, such as the CAS Number (Structure Identifier) and searching by molecular formula (Figure 5-12). 

The reinaining five search topics (Research Topic, Author Name, Document Identifier, Company Namc/Organii ation, and Browse Table of Contents arc conducted in a similar fashion, with the input being the only difference between the criteria. Thus, in Research Topic" the entry can be any, or even several, keywords or phrases. In "Author Name", literature written by a specific author will be Found, including alternative spelling, Document Identifier" can also be entered directly in the query. Document identifiers arc CA abstract numbers, patent numbers, patent application numbers, or priority application numbers. The last two search topics (Company Name/Organi2ation, and Browse Table ofContents) allow one to search for literature from specific companies or to view the list of journals which are available in the database. 

A number of methods have been developed to introduce context to on-line databases, enabling searches to be refined to minimized false retrieval. One of the earliest techniques is proximity searching, in which two words are required to be adjacent, or within a limited distance from each other in text. The assignment of roles to chemical substances is a method of precoordinating concepts. A substance can be identified as a reactant, as a product, and in some systems in a number of additional roles. For example, by searching for documents in which formaldehyde is a product, documents in which it is a reactant, or in which it undergoes no reaction, are thus eliminated. 

Now you can reconsider the material balance equations by adding those additional factors identified in the previous step. If necessary, estimates of unaccountable losses will have to be calculated. Note that, in the case of a relatively simple manufacturing plant, preparation of a preliminary material-balance system and its refinement (Steps 14 and 15) can usefully be combined. For more-complex P2 assessments, however, two separate steps are likely to be more appropriate. An important rule to remember is that the inputs should ideally equal the outputs - but in practice this will rarely be the case. Some judgment will be required to determine what level of accuracy is acceptable, and we should have an idea as to what the unlikely sources of errors are (e.g., evaporative losses from outside holding ponds may be a materials loss we cannot accurately account for). In the case of high concentrations of hazardous wastes, accurate measurements are needed to develop cost-effective waste-reduction options. It is possible that the material balance for a number of unit operations will need to be repeated. Again, continue to review, refine, and, where necessary, expand your database. The compilation of accurate and comprehensive data is essential for a successful P2 audit and subsequent waste-reduction action plan. Remember - you can t reduce what you don t know is therel... 

Quantitative assessment requires historical data which may be suspect for two reasons. There is the possibility that there are latent accidents not in the database. It is possible that past accidents have been rectified and will not recurr. In the absence of data, judgment based on experience and speculation must be used. Notwithstanding this weakness, the quantitative approach was adopted, d he investigating team identified situations that could cause a number of public casualties. R vents limited to the employees or which might cause single off-site casualties were not included in the assessment. 

The main function of an incident reporting system (IRS) is to identify recurring trends from large numbers of incidents with relatively minor outcomes, or from near misses. One of the important characteristics of an IRS is that the time and resources required to evaluate an incident and incorporate it into the database must be minimized. This means that the designers of an IRS have to carefully evaluate the benefits and costs of requiring more comprehensive information from each incident that is to be reported. A requirement for too much information will bring the system into disrepute, and too little information will mean that the results are too general to be of any real value. 

If some fields may be empty in the sublevels, all the fields in the main level are required for each entry. A new chiral separation record can be added in CHIRBASE solely if the authors correctly identify both sample and CSP. Since the beginning of the project, our policy has been to contact the authors of all publications containing incomplete, ambiguous or inconsistent data and to ask for additional information. Providing the separations with unique case numbers helps us considerably in this essential task, and also facilitates avoiding redundancies in the database. When chiral separations are reported for the second time in a new publication with exactly the same chromatographic conditions, this is stated in a footnote added in the field comments . In this field, miscellaneous information that cannot appear elsewhere are listed (detection limit, description of a reported chromatogram, racemization study, mobile phase limitations, etc.). 

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