Danish surveys

Table 116.1 Danish surveys among elderly subjects... 

Notes-. Iodine intake expressed as iodine dietary intake and urinary iodine excretion in elderly males (M) and females (F). The early Danish surveys indicate mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency, even among users of dietary supplements. The 68-year-old Danes were also compared to elderly subjects in Iceland with a long-standing relatively high iodine intake. After the mandatory fortification of salt in 2000-2001, the Danish National Survey 2002 indicates a sufficient iodine intake among elderly subjects. N, numbers 7-D R, 7-days food record FFQ, food frequency questionnaire. 

A different picture arose when the Mayo Clinic examined over 700 eczema patients over a 2-year period for sensitivity to vehicle ingredients (Iden and Schroeter 1977). Here, sensitivity to ethylenediamine reached 7.9%, paraben mixtures in 3.3%, dichlorophene in 2.4%, propylene glycol in 1.5%, lanolin in 1.1%, polysorbate (Tween 20) in 1 %, and sorbic acid in 1 %. In the Danish survey (Hjorth and Trolle Lassen 1963) comprising routine patch testing in 1,664 ecze-... 

The methodology and the pigging tool has been tested and validated during a demonstration survey conducted on the Danish 107 kilometre 20 oil pipeline running from the West Coast of... 

Rydin S (2002) Investigation of the content of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) in Leather Products on the Danish Market. Survey of Chemical Substances in Consumer Products, Danish EPA... 

Ollgaad H, Frost L, Galster J, Hensen OC (1999) Survey of azocolorant on Denmark Milgoproject 509. Danish Environmental Protection Agency... 

The Danish Environmental Protection Agency has started work to draft a national plan to control brominated flame retardants, and has published what officials claim to be the most exhaustive national survey analysing the flow of such substances and assessing possible substitutes for specific applications. The survey found that the major source of BFRs emissions in Denmark was from evaporation from products already in use, and underlines previous concerns about the possible harm due to bioaccumulation. Denmark is to join Sweden in urging international action to curb the use of brominated flame retardants. 

The Danish Environmental Protection Agency also investigated the profiles of 12 non-brominated flame retardants for environmental and health effects. From a survey of published literature, they found that the amount of data available is often very limited, particularly for important criteria such as degradation. Furthermore, the screening study showed that the majority of the alternatives also had undesirable environmental and health characteristics, but an assessment was needed to determine the amount and the manner in which they are released before a conclusion could be drawn. ... 

The levels of BAs in beers have been evaluated in some studies (15). Since beer is generally consumed in larger quantity than wine, it has been suggested that beer might be more of hazard to the consumer (134). Histamine has been found at concentration levels of 2.6-4.7 mg/L in Swedish beer, 3.2-15 mg/L in Danish beer, 7.3 mg/L in Dutch beer, 6.7 mg/L in German beer, and 20 mg/L in French beer. Tyramine levels have also been surveyed in beers from several countries and appear to occur at higher levels than His (135). Tyramine has also been found in nonalcoholic beers. 

Petersen, C.3.G., 1918. The sea bottom and its production of fish food. A survey done in connection with the valuation of the Danish waters from 1883-1917. Rep. Danish. Biol. Sta., 25 1-82. 

A comprehensive Survey of Azo Colorants in Denmark comprising consumption, use, health, and environmental aspects has been compiled by the Danish Environmental Protection Agency H. Ollgard et al., Survey of Azo Colorants in Denmark, Danish Technological Institute, Environment, Danish Environmental Protection Agency, November 1998. 

The intake estimates are based on dietary intake data collected in the Danish nationwide food consumption survey of 2000-2002 [3]. The food consumption data were sampled throughout the 3 year period in order to account for possible seasonal variations in dietary habits. The representative sample of Danes included... 

TABLE 9.5. Estimated Intakes by Infants (4-6 Years) of Cd, Hg, and Pb Using Age-Specific Consumption Data from the Danish Dietary Survey for the 2000-2002 Period... 

Danish height systems established by the National Survey and Cadastre. 

Rastogi SC. 1992. A survey of formaldehyde in shampoos and skin creams on the Danish market. Contact Dermatitis 27 235-240. 

Houseflies on Danish farms have become resistant to almost every new insecticide introduced for their control since the 1950 s (M.). In the mid 1970 s, scientists showed that resistance to DDT and the new pyrethroid insecticides is due to a common resistance factor (the kdr and super-kdr genes), and they predicted that rapid resistance development to the more persistent SP compounds would rapidly evolve in the field. In 1978-79, surveys for SP resistance indicated that resistance to long-residual compounds was beginning to develop in the field. Overall, the survey data indicated that resistance would soon be widespread. Several steps were immediately taken to evaluate the resistance potential of... 

The Danish National Dietary Survey from 1995 (Andersen et ai, 1996) found a median iodine intake of 107—136p,g/day among the 55—80-year-old subjects (Table... 

Mandatory iodine fortification of table salt and salt in bread was initiated in 2000—2001 (Laurberg et ai, 2006), and the Danish National Survey of Dietary Habits and Physical Activity 2000—2002 (Lyhne et al., 2005) subsequently found the median iodine intake among 55—75-year-old subjects to be 153—187 p,g/day (Table... 

The intake of iodized salt by this program was estimated to be around 4g/day, and the iodization level was set to 13 ppm. Bread is a staple food in Denmark, and simulation studies performed by the Danish National Food Agency based on Danish food surveys had shown that iodized salt in bread, in combination with iodized table salt, would distribute the iodine nearly as evenly in the population as iodization of all salt used by the food industry. 

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