Cylinder Auxiliaries

Pressure relief devices are often installed to prevent catastrophic failure of a cylinder. They are subject to a standard fire test defined in 49CFR173.34d. The Compressed Gas Association s standard CGA S-11 defines a number of de- 

Type Description Action Complete Release Mounting  

CG-2 Fusible Plug (nominal melting temp. = 165°F) Responds to high temperature inside or outside of cylinder Yes On cylinder or part of valve 

CG-4 Rupture Disk plus CG-2 Plug Needs both high temperature and high pressure to respond Yes On cylinder or part of valve 

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This standard could be adapted to the fuel compressor for the natural gas to be brought up to the injection pressure required for the gas turbine. Covers the minimum requirements for reciprocating compressors and their drivers used in petroleum, chemical, and gas industry services for handling process air or gas with either lubricated or nonlubricated cylinders. Compressors covered by this standard are of moderate-to-low speed and in critical services. The nonlubricated cylinder types of compressors are used for injecting fuel in gas turbines at the high pressure needed. Also covered are related lubricating systems, controls, instrumentation, intercoolers, after-coolers, pulsation suppression devices, and other auxiliary equipment. 

Figure 12-2E. 250 psig working pressure cylinder used in refrigeration service. Auxiliary stuffing box for added sealing on shutdown. Manual fixed volume clearance pockets for capacity control. (Used by permission Bui. L-679-BIA, 1957. Dresser-Rand Company.)... 

The hydraulic horsepower produced by mud pumps depends mainly on the geometric and mechanical arrangement of the suction piping. If suction-charging centrifugal pumps (e.g., auxiliary pumps that help move the mud to the mud pump) are not used, the pump cylinders have to be filled by the hydrostatic head. 

Apparatus. Use the apparatus shown in Figs. 14.2(a) and (b). The generator cathode (isolated auxiliary electrode) consists of platinum foil (4 cm x 2.5 cm, bent into a half cylinder) and the generator anode (working electrode) is a rectangular platinum foil (4 cm x 2.5 cm). For potentiometric end point detection, use a platinum-foil electrode 1.25 cm x 1.25 cm (or a silver-rod electrode) in combination with an S.C.E. connected to the cell by a potassium chloride- or potassium nitrate-agar bridge. 

To keep the installation and commissioning times to a minimum, the entire unit is preassembled at the machine builder s factory. As far as possible, the necessary auxiliary equipment is also htted. For the multiplex head, this means prefitting of the hydraulic pipework from the cylinders to the hydraulic power unit. 

A better mass transport is obtained with a construction originally designed as a photoreactor (Fig. 22.10). In this case, a magnetic Teflon stirrer with inlet and outlet holes sucks in the electrolyte from above so that the solution is circulating efficiently. The working electrode is best constructed as a cylinder with a coaxial auxiliary electrode. 

The vacuum-tube diode, invented by Fleming24 in 1904 [2,3], works because of the relative geometrical shapes of the two concentric electrodes, the cathode and the anode. It consists of a cylindrical glass enclosure that is partially evacuated, bonded, and sealed to a metal base. It contains an inner metallic thin-wire "cathode" (negative electrode, consisting of W, oxide-covered W, or a Th-W alloy), placed along the cylinder axis. This cathode is electrically heated to 900 K or above, using an auxiliary filament circuit, typically driven by a 6.3-V power supply, to foster thermoionic emission of electrons from the cathode. This cathode is cylindrically surrounded by a metallic outer electrode, the anode or "positive electrode" or "plate," which is a hollow metallic cylinder, whose axis coincides with that of the cathode. The... 

Apparatus for large-scale distillation with superheated steam. . . 142 25a. Method of introducing alkyl chloride into a laboratory autoclave 149 25b. Auxiliary cylinder (gas pipe) for handling alkyl chlorides. 149... 

There are two fundamentally different ways in which the reservoir of transfer lubricant can be located. It can be a part of, or the whole of, one of the normal load-bearing machine components, and this has been variously described as direct, primary, or two-body transfer lubrication. Alternatively it can be a separate auxiliary component present only to provide a lubrication reservoir, whose sole function is to transfer lubricant to one of the other machine components. This has been described as indirect, secondary, or three-body transfer lubrication. In the Russian literature the latter is called "Rotaprint Lubrication" by analogy with the use of a separate inking roller to transfer ink to the cylinder in a rotary printing press ° ° ° . 

High-duty pumps are equipped with steam cylinders in which the steam is used expansively. As the load is constant throughout the stroke and the steam piston force diminishes during the period of expansion, some compensating device is necessary to equalize the forces. This may be a fly wheel, an auxiliary... 

Valve Motions.—The principal features of all engine valve motions are that the valve moves while the piston is standing still (as in reversing) and vice versa. In a single direct-acting pump this is effected by having the main valve operated by an auxiliary steam cylinder with piston to which the valve is attached. 

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