Cyclophosphamide lung cancer

POC Procarbazine, vincristine, cyclophosphamide Melanoma, small cell lung cancer... 

Eagan RT, Ruud C, Lee RE, et al. Pilot study of induction therapy with cyclophosphamide, doxirubicin, and cisplatin (CAP) and chest irradiation prior to thoracotomy in initially inoperable stage III non-small lung cancer. Cancer Treat Rep 1987 71 895-900. 

Bergsagel DE, Phil D, Jenkin RDT, et al. Lung cancer clinical trial of radiotherapy alone versus radiotherapy plus cyclophosphamide. Cancer 1972 30 621-627. 

Cyclophosphamide is a component of CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil) and other drug combinations used in the treatment of breast cancer. Cyclophosphamide in combination may produce complete remissions in some patients with ovarian cancer and oat cell (small cell) lung cancer. Other tumors in which benehcial results have been reported include non-oat cell lung cancers, various sarcomas, neuroblastoma, and carcinomas of the testes, cervix, and bladder. Cyclophosphamide also can be employed as an alternative to azathioprine in suppressing immunological rejection of transplant organs. 

Hexamethylmelamine is useful for the treatment of ovarian adenocarcinoma and is frequently combined with cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, and doxorubicin in the treatment of this tumor. It also has some activity against small cell lung cancer. 

Caelyx is liposomal doxorubicin very well used as a treatment of choice for a number of cancers with good tolerability and antitumor activity, as has been demonstrated in many phase I or II clinical trials. One such example is the conduct of phase I study of Caelyx (PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin, 25 M) mg/m2) in combination with cyclophosphamide (750-1000 mg/m2) and vincristine (1.2 mg/m2) every 21 days in patients with relapsed or refractory small cell lung cancer [442], The suggested doses were CaelyxTM 35 mg/m2, cyclophosphamide 750 mg/m2, and vincristine 1.2 mg/m2 intravenously every 21 days. This combination was well tolerated... 

Leighl, N., Burkes, R. L., Dancey, J. E., Lopez, P. G., Higgins, B. P., Walde, P L. D., Rudinskas, L. C., Rahim, Y. H., Rodgers, A., Pond, G. R., and Shepherd, F. A. (2003), A phase I study of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (Caelyx ) in combination with cyclophosphamide and vincristine as second-line treatment of patients with small-cell lung cancer, Clin. Lung Cancer, 5,107-112. 

Squalamine has been tested in mammary, ovary, and lung cancer xenograft mouse models [20,23-26]. Results sho ved that squalamine alone had a modest effect on tumor growth delay and in some cases it resulted in decreased number of lung metastases. However, in most studies, squalamine treatment was more efficacious when combined with previously established anticancer agents such as cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, carboplatin, paclitaxel, 5-fluorouracil, or genestein, or with radiation therapy. 

Leighl NB +, Clin Lung Cancer 5(2), 107 (with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide)... 

Cartel G, Cartel F, Cantone A, et al. Cisplatin-cyclophosphamide-mitomycin combination chemotherapy with supportive care versus supportive care alone for treatment of metastatic nonsmall-cell lung cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1993 85 794-800. 

Roth BJ, Johnson DH, Einhorn LH, et al. Randomized study of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and vincristine versus etoposide and cisplatin versus alternation of these two regimens in extensive small-cell lung cancer A phase III trial of the Southeastern Cancer Study Group. J Clin Oncol 1992 10 282-291. 

Carboplatin (paraplatin) is administered as an intravenous infusion over at least 15 minutes and is given once every 28 days. Carboplatin currently is U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved for use in combination with paclitaxel or cyclophosphamide in patients with advanced ovarian cancer and lung cancer. 

The efficacy of doxorubicin can be increased by verapamil and nicardipine in doxorubicin-resistant tissue culture systems, while nifedipine has only minimal activity. A study in five patients with small cell lung cancer given doxorubicin, vincristine, etoposide and cyclophosphamide showed that when they were given verapamil 240 to 480 mg daily the AUC of doxorubicin was doubled, its peak serum levels were raised and its clearance was reduced. No increased toxicity was seen in this study. However, although another study found no increase in non-cardiac toxic-ities, verapamil caused an unacceptable degree of cardiac toxicity. Be alert for this possibility if both drugs are used. 

Ifosfamide is active against a broad spectrum of tumors, including germ cell cancers of the testis, lymphomas, sarcomas, and carcinomas of the lung, breast, and ovary. It is thought to be more active than cyclophosphamide in germ cell cancers and sarcomas. 

Polymer (VI) has been shown to have antitumor activity against adenocarcinoma 755, Dunning ascites leukemia. Friend leukemia virus, and Lewis lung carcinoma. In the latter case, polymer (VI) showed activity about equal to that of cyclophosphamide (an alkylating agent) and was more effective than 6-mercaptopurine (an antimetabolite) ( ). The DIVEMA polymer (V) Is also active against some cancer causing viruses such as Friend leukemia, Moloney sarcoma and Rauscher leukemia ( ). 

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