Curing epoxide resin

M. Shimbo, M. Ochi and K. Aral, "Internal Stress of Cured Epoxide Resin Coatings Having Different Network Chains", J. of Coatings Technology, Vol. 56, 713, 45-51, June 1984. 

It was pointed out earlier that acid and anhydride containing polymers have many possible applications. With the exception of curing epoxide resins and examination of possible biological activity, little has been done to explore uses for the copolymers developed in this study. 

In all these curing reactions, the degree of cross-linking, and also the glass transition temperature, increases with increasing conversion. The segments become less mobile, not all groups can react, and a complete network cannot be formed. Consequently, cured epoxide resins do not have the optimum properties expected of ideal networks. 

Table 35-8, Influence of the Kind of Fiber on the Properties of a Cured Epoxide Resin Reinforced with 65% w/ w Fiber... 

The polyamides used to cure epoxide resins are all reactive compounds with free amine groups. They may be amidopolyamines, aminopolyamides... 

Shimbo M, Ochi M and Ohoyama N, Frictional behavior of cured epoxide resins , Wear 1983 91 89-101. 

The commercial interest in epoxide (epoxy) resins was first made apparent by the publication of German Patent 676117 by I G Farben in 1939 which described liquid polyepoxides. In 1943 P. Castan filed US Patent 2 324483, covering the curing of the resins with dibasic acids. This important process was subsequently exploited by the Ciba Company. A later patent of Castan covered the hardening of epoxide resins with alkaline catalysts used in the range 0.1-5% This patent, however, became of somewhat restricted value as the important amine hardeners are usually used in quantities higher than 5%. 

In some instances it is desired to produce a more open network from epoxide resins that have been acid-cured. This may be achieved by the oligoesterdi-carboxylic acids of general structure... 

Compared with the phenolics and polyesters the resins have better heat resistance, better chemical resistance, particularly to alkalis, greater hardness and better water resistance. In these respects they are similar to, and often slightly superior to, the epoxide resins. Unlike the epoxides they have a poor adhesion to wood and metal, this being somewhat improved by incorporating plasticisers such as poly(vinyl acetate) and poly(vinyl formal) but with a consequent reduction in chemical resistance. The cured resins are black in colour. 

Aliphatic polyamines, amine adducts and polyamides react with epoxide resins at normal temperatures to give complexes with outstanding chemical resistance. Paints based on this type of reaction must be supplied in two separate containers, one containing the epoxide resin and the other the curing agent , the two being mixed in prescribed proportions immediately before use. 

A cement slurry additive consisting of methylcellulose, melamine-formaldehyde resin, and trioxane has been proposed for better bonding of cement to the casing string [20]. Bisphenol-A epoxide resins, with amine-based curing agents, sand filler, and a mixture of n-butanol and dimethyl benzene as a diluent, have been proposed as additives to increase adhesion properties of cement [572]. 

In addition to the use of peroxides for crosslinking, metal oxide, polyfunctional alcohols, amines and epoxide resin cure systems can be used with CSM rubbers. In the metal oxide based cure systems it is usual to add a weak acid, such as stearic acid, and accelerators, such as MBT, MBTS or TMTD magnesium or lead oxides are generally used. 

S. A. Zahlr, The Mechanism of the Cure of Epoxide Resins by Cyanamlde and Dicyandiamide in Advances in Organic Coatings Science and Technology, Vol. IV, p. 83. 

Swelling experiments showed that a lignin epoxide resin of 0.11 epoxy equivalents per lOOg formed a network polymer when cured with DETA, PA, or ATBN. Phase separation was observed in the rubber-toughened lignin epoxide network. Cured epoxides had lignin derivative contents of up to 95%. 

As it had been shown that silanes were effective as pretreatments for a variety of coatings and particularly so when used as additives, selected silanes were examined as pretreatments and additives in conjunction with a two pack polyamide cured epoxide adhesive (Epikote 828/Versamid 115, 1/1) and a structural polyurethane adhesive based on diphenylmethanediisocyanate and a polyester resin. 

Reference to Table 14 will show the effect of increasing levels of APES on the compressive properties of an anhydride cured epoxide/silica microballoon foam, the APES being added on the resin content. The notation w/r (wt% resin) has been used in the tables. Both the yield stress and strain to failure increased steadily with increased silane content, with a corresponding increase in compressive modulus. At the 5 wt% level there was no real increase in yield stress but a marked increase in strain to failure, resulting in a lower modulus. However, at the 4% level the compressive strength was more than double that of the nonsilane control. 

Full conversion can be achieved at high curing temperatures only. The BPA/DC — BPA/ECH epoxide resin ratio should be in the range of (25-45) (75-55). 

The epoxide/cyanate compositions contain catalysts of cyanate cyclotrimerization and oxazoline ring formation. Curing agents for epoxide resin are mentioned in... 

A composition consisting of low-molecular-weight BPA/ECH epoxide resin, tetraethylenepentaamine as a curing agent and 25 % BPA/DC was suggested [73], A similar composition contains tetraethylammonium bromide and l-(2-cyanoethyl)-2-... 

Fire resistant reinforced plastic was obtained by using tetrabromo-BPA based epoxide resin, BPA/DC monomer and prepolymer as well as an imidazole curing agent and Zn octoate [82],... 

Molar excess of epoxynovolak resin was reacted with DDS highly branched aminoepoxide resin was thus obtained. The resin was then mixed with a non-modified epoxide resin, BPA/DC-BMI copolymer, benzoyl peroxide and /V-(3,4-dichloro-phenyI)-Ar, Ar -dimethyIurea (curing agent for the epoxy component) [116]. 

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