Crystals brownish

Properties Orange-red crystals brownish-yellow powder. Mp 289C, bp 430C (sublimable). Soluble in aromatic solvents, hot methanol, and ether sparingly soluble in water moderately soluble in ethanol. Combustible. 

Dissolve a few drops of nitromethane in 10% sodium hydroxide solution. Add a few crystals of sodium nitrite and shake. Now add dilute sulphuric acid drop by drop. A brownish-red coloration develops, but fades again when an excess of acid is added. The sulphuric acid has thus liberated nitrous acid, which has in turn reacted with the nitromethane to give a nitrolic acid, the sodium salt of which is CH3NO2 + ONOH = CH(N02) N0H + HgO reddish-brown in colour, probably owing to mesomeric ions of the type ... 

Canthaxanthin crystallines from various solvents as brownish violet, shiny leaves that melt with decomposition at 210°C. As is the case with carotenoids in general, the crystals are sensitive to light and oxygen and, when heated in solution or exposed to ultraviolet light or iodine, form a mixture of cis and trans stereoisomers. Consequentiy, crystalline canthaxanthin should be stored under inert gas at low temperatures. Unlike the carotenoid colorants P-carotene and P-apo-8 -carotenal, canthaxanthin has no vitamin A activity. It is chemically stable at pH 2—8 (the range normally encountered in foods) and unaffected by heat in systems with a minimal oxygen content. 

A solution of 10.0 grams of purified S-methyl ether of 2-thio-5-fluorouracil, MP 230° to 237°C, in 150 ml of concentrated aqueous hydrochloric acid (containing approximately 37% by weight HCI) was refluxed under nitrogen for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was then evaporated in vacuo. The crystalline brownish residue was recrystallized from water. The resulting recrystallized product was further purified by sublimation in vacuo at 190° to 200°C (bath temperature)/0.1 mm pressure. There was obtained 5-fluorouracil, in the form of colorless or pinkish-tan crystals, MP 282° to 283°C (with decomposition). 

To a stirred solution of 4 mmol of the diamide in 40 mL of dioxane (distilled from LiAlH4) and 13 mL of water is added 1 mg of osmium tetroxide. When the solution turns brownish (after about 10 min) 2.06 g (9.2 mmol) of sodium metaperiodale are added at 25 26 "C. The progress of the reaction is monitored by TLC on silica gel coated plastic sheets with CHCI,/diethyl ether/methanol (3.3 0.1) as eluent. When the reaction is complete, the precipitated solid is filtered and the filtrate concentrated in vacuo at 1 Torr. The residue is dissolved in 50 mL of CHC13, dried over MgSO,. and evaporated in vacuo to leave a residue, which is crystallized from a suitable solvent. 

Methyl parathion is a pesticide that is used to kill insects on crops. Usually, it is sprayed on the crops. Methyl parathion comes in two forms a pure form of white crystals and a technical-grade solution (brownish liquid), which contains methyl parathion (80%) and inactive ingredients in a solvent. The technical-grade methyl parathion smells like rotten eggs or garlic. Methyl parathion is a manufactured chemical, so it is found in the environment only as a result of its manufacture or use. Methyl parathion has been manufactured in the United States since 1952 and has been used to kill insects on many types of crops since this time. Because methyl... 

The crude acid is dissolved in 500 ml. of petroleum ether at room temperature. The small amount of amorphous solid which may separate is removed by filtration through Supercel, and the filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure to 300 ml. Chilling to 0-5° yields a first crop of tan crystals which is collected by suction filtration and washed with the minimum amount of ice-cold petroleum ether. Concentration of the mother liquors to 150 ml. and chilling yields a second crop of brownish crystals. The combined crops are dissolved in 300 ml. of petroleum ether, and the light-red solution is chilled to 0-5°. The almost white to light-tan crystals are collected, washed with a small amount of cold petroleum ether, and dried in a vacuum desiccator. There is obtained 51.5—61.5 g. (51-61%) of stearolic acid, m.p. 46-46.5° (Note 5). 

Sodium Salt of Eosin.—Grind 6 g. of eosin with 1 g. of anhydrous sodium carbonate, transfer the mixture to a moderate-sized, widenecked, conical flask, moisten with a little alcohol, add 5 c.c. of water, and warm on the water bath until evolution of carbon dioxide ceases. To the aqueous solution of the sodium salt thus obtained now add 20 g. of alcohol, heat to boiling, and filter the hot solution. From the cooled filtrate there separate beautiful brownish-red crystals with metallic lustre, often only after long standing. Collect them at the pump and wash with alcohol. 

In a 1-1. four-necked flask (or a three-necked flask with a Y-tube connector) equipped with a mechanical stirrer, a reflux condenser, a dropping funnel, and a thermometer are placed 208 g. (1.00 mole) of benzalacetophenone (Note 1), 60 g. (58.5 ml., 0.50 mole) of acetophenone, and 350 ml. of 1,2-dichloroethane. The contents of the flask are warmed to 70-75°, and 160 ml. of a 52% ethereal solution of fluoboric acid (Note 2) is added from the funnel with stirring during 30 minutes. With the first addition the mixture becomes orange subsequently the color changes to brownish yellow. After the addition is completed, the mixture is stirred and heated under reflux for 1 hour (Note 3). The fluorescent mixture is allowed to stand overnight in a refrigerator. The crystalline product that separates is collected on a Buchner funnel and washed well with ether. By addition of 250 ml. of ether (Note 4) to the mother liquor an additional quantity of 2,4,6-triphcnylpyrylium tctrafluoroboratc is obtained. A total yield of 125 135 g. (63 68%) of yellow crystals... 

Brownish black orthogonal crystal density 6.78 g/cm hardness 2 Mohs melts at 850°C insoluble in water soluble in acids. 

Black hard solid or brownish black amorphous powder also occurs as tetragonal, a-rhombohedral and P-rhombohedral crystal forms density 2.34 g/cm3 (crystal), 2.45 g/cm (amorphos powder) hardness 9.3 Mohs melts at 2,075°C vaporizes at 4,000°C electrical resistivity 3,000,000 ohm-cm at... 

A brownish crystalline (l-form of the salt may be obtained by slow crystallization from solutions or fused salt mixtures. 

Black crystaUine solid exists in two modifications stable black needles known as alpha form that produces ruby-red color in transmitted light, and a labile, metastable beta modification consisting of black platelets which appear brownish-red in transmitted light density of alpha form 3.86 g/cm at 0°C density of beta form 3.66 g/cm at 0°C alpha form melts at 27.3°C, vapor pressure being 28 torr at 25°C beta form melts at 13.9°C hquid iodine monochloride has bromine-hke reddish-brown color hquid density 3.10 g/mL at 29°C viscosity 1.21 centipoise at 35°C decomposes around 100°C supercools below its melting point polar solvent as a hquid it dissolves iodine, ammonium chloride and alkali metal chlorides hquid ICl also miscible with carbon tetrachloride, acetic acid and bromine the solid crystals dissolve in ethanol, ether, acetic acid and carbon disulfide solid ICl also dissolves in cone. HCl but decomposes in water or dilute HCl. 

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