Crowd control

Inaccuracy of rubber bullets and improper aiming and range of use resulted in severe injury and death in a substantial number of people. This type of ammunition therefore should not be considered a safe method of crowd control. ... 

CS gas Propanedinitrile [(2-chlorophenyl) methylene] tear gas used for riot and crowd control. 

Riot control agent A chemical substance used for crowd control, e.g., pepper spray or tear gas. 

Based upon the reports and the accompanying photos, there were apparent troubles with crowd control and other emergency response considerations. It also appears that there were equipment design shortcomings. Still, a top-notch viable mechanical integrity program would have eliminated or helped minimize the extent of the incident. 

Was crowd control part of the emergency response plan ... 

Public Safety and Security Facility and resource security Security planning and technical and resource assistance Public satety/security support Support to access, traffic, and crowd control U.S. Department of Justice... 

The design of nursing services requires that nurses collaborate with security, crowd control, and other medical support (emergency medical services and physician services) to assure Integration with all other service provision plans. 

Develop security plans for crowd control, traffic control, clinic personnel, materials/supplies/equipment at each clinic site. 

Traffic flow within the clinic should be controlled and should follow a logical path from the clinic entry to the exit. The best approach to crowd control is to never let people sit down. Keep the line(s) moving at all times. A linear path of traffic flow from entry to exit on opposite sides of the facility is optimal. However, it may be necessary to set up serpentine lines, similar to those used by amusement parks, using rope or some other temporary barrier. Appropriate accommodations must be made for all high-risk, high-vulnerability populations (see chapter 16 for further discussion). 

Healthcare facilities need to expect that in case of a chemical event, many people are likely to self-evacuate and present to medical facilities. In order to maintain some control, it is recommended that all access and egress at treatment facilities be controlled and monitored to prevent contamination of noncon-taminated individuals and facility areas. It is helpful to have law enforcement involved to provide security and crowd control. 

Tear Gas, less than lethal, nonlethal, immobilizers, irritants, lacrimators, harassing agents, RCAs, crowd control agents (Table 1). 

Metress, S.K. and Metress, S.P., The anatomy of plastic bullet damage and crowd control, Int. J. Health Serv., 17, 333-342, 1987. 

Wier, E., The health impact of crowd-control agents, CMAJ, 164, 1889, 2001. 

These battery-powered devices attach externally to the outside of the front voicemitter of the respirator (either by a thread-like mechanism or external clips) and electronically amplify the volume of the responder s speech. Consequently, these devices are used in crowd control or where multiple responders must be addressed at once however, they do increase the weight on the front of the respirator s facepiece and this could possibly aid in breaking the vapor seal of the respirator. 

Hengartner, M. (1998) Apoptosis. Death by crowd control. Science, 281, 1298-1299. 

The Israeli army reportedly developed a skunk bomb containing mercaptans to use as a crowd-control device against Palestinians. 

Another tear gas, probably of most common use or abuse is the pepper spray or Oleoresin Capsicum (Agent OC) or capsicum spray. It has an odor of red pepper. Its chemical name is N-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) methyl]-6-noxenamide. It is used by police force for crowd control and by many people for their personal self-defense and abused for robbery and attacks. This compound is derived from cayenne peppers. Its toxicity is relatively low and the compound is non-lethal. However, there are a very few unconfirmed reports of fatalities from heavy exposnres to this substance. The effects from pepper spray are mostly inflammation of eyes, cansing immediate closing of eyes and conghing. Moderate to heavy exposures, however, can canse temporary blindness and may affect breathing when sprayed on the face. Its effects may last for a dnration of 30 to 60 minntes. 

Evacuation from the field to more adequate medical facilities is desirable in most cases. If not possible, separation of affected individuals into small groups (eg, in tents) is preferable to large aggregations, where a few confused and hyperactive individuals can lead to an escalating problem of crowd control. 

Riot control agents are used by law enforcement officials tor crowd control and by individuals and the general public for personal protection (for example, pepper spray). 

Products and Uses Used for tear gas sprays, guns, aerosols, and bombs in crowd control and protection. 

Products and Uses A poison gas for self-defense, used as a crowd control gas also as a wood preservative. 

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