Criteria of Choice

1) The permeability (or, inversely the resistance) of the clean, unused medium 

At high levels of a, e.g. greater than Ixio m/kg (characteristic of shidge-like material) changes in Rm have little influence on overall productivity—at least in the 

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Our pre occupation was to improve the economics of the process it was therefore necessary to find appliances which could operate with a minimum fermentor volume and low energy consumption. Our criteria of choice were therefore essentially based on biomass productivity (weight of biomass/unit of volume and time) and energy consumption per kg of dry material produced. 

The thermal expansion is one of the criteria of choice of engineering polymers for their application in either quality [35]. As a rule, polymers have high thermal expansion coefficient, which makes their application in contact with other materials difficult. In paper [62] the structural analysis of the thermal expansion of crosslinked polymers considered as natural nanocomposites was carried out. 

The evaluation phase of industrial hygiene is the process of making measurements on some set of samples which permits a conclusion about the degrees of hazard. Before conducting an evaluation, it is necessary to make a number of choices of what and where to sample, when to sample, how long to sample, how many samples to take, what sampling and analytical methods to use, what exposure criteria to use in the analysis of the data, and how to report the results. These choices as a whole constitute the evaluation plan. The object is to find if one or more workers have an unacceptable probabiUty of being exposed in excess of some estabUshed limit. 

Process Economics. Relative economics of various ceU culture processes depend heavily on the performance of the ceU line in a system and on the cost of raw materials, particularly the medium. Models are usuaUy developed for the various processes using productivity data obtained from smaU-scale experiments (see Pilot AND MiCROPLANTs). Often, for high value products, the process which ensures the shortest time to market may be the process of choice because of other economic criteria. This is especially tme for pharmaceuticals (qv). RehabUity concerns also often outweigh economic considerations in choosing a process for a high value product. 

It is to be hoped that the variety of certification schemes will not multiply, or the client is likely to be confused rather than informed. When making his choice he may usefully remember that the criteria of good quality systems are as applicable to service organizations as they are to manufacturers, and that clarity regarding the objectives of the service offered together with practical common sense in providing this service are the real indicators. 

Catalytic kinetic resolution can be the method of choice for the preparation of enantioenriched materials, particularly when the racemate is inexpensive and readily available and direct asymmetric routes to the optically active compounds are lacking. However, several other criteria-induding catalyst selectivity, efficiency, and cost, stoichiometric reagent cost, waste generation, volumetric throughput, ease of product isolation, scalability, and the existence of viable alternatives from the chiral pool (or classical resolution)-must be taken into consideration as well... 

Figure 11.3 The relative values of multiple criteria can be assessed by establishing preference between pairs of examples some examples will dominate others on two or more dimensions of choice.

Shaw selected a combination of polyolefin resins as the base polymer of choice for its substitute, EcoWorx . Due to the low toxicity of its feedstocks, superior adhesion properties, dimensional stability, and its ability to be recycled, EcoWorx meets all of the design criteria necessary to satisfy the needs of the marketplace from a performance, health, and environmental standpoint. Research also indicated that the post-consumer carpet tile had a positive economic value at the end of its useful life. The cost of collection, transportation, elutriation, and return to manufacturing processes is less than the cost of using virgin raw materials. This is a truly recyclable (or Cradle to Cradle) product and is a good example of how substitution through innovation can make economic as well as environmental sense. ... 

The three main classes that have been much studied for ophthalmic applications are spiroindolinonaphthoxazines (see section 1.2.3), diarylnaphthopyrans (see section 1.2.4) and fulgides (see section 1.2.5). How these different photochromic classes match up to the desired criteria for use in lenses is shown in Table 1.9. From this it can be seen that fulgides exhibit only a fair fatigue resistance and spiroindolinonaphthoxazines suffer from a high temperature dependency. Consequently, for this photochromic outlet, naphthopyrans have become the molecules of choice. Typical... 

Development of such a general theory is outside the scope of our chapter, and here we just find building blocks for the future theory, solvable reaction modules. There may be many various criteria of selection of the reaction modules. Here are several possible choices individual reactions (we developed the theory of multiscale ensembles of individual reactions in this chapter), couples of mutually inverse reactions, as we mentioned earlier, acyclic reaction networks,... 

As previously alluded to, functional methodology is not, as yet, fully standardized. The literature is bulging with methods, many times improvised on the spur of the moment to fit the needs and instruments of the researcher, with inadequate preliminary examination or statistical evaluation. This section will attempt to organize a general system of methodology for protein food products. In it, a general plan of assays will be followed by criteria for choice of assay, characteristics of Model Tests, and, finally, characteristics of Utility Tests. 

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