COUSIN system

Earger chemical and pharmaceutical firms have, over the years, developed in-house systems with capabilities that are specific to the chemist s needs. Today, the costs of developing from scratch and maintaining an in-house system are prohibitive, especially because commercial chemical information systems are highly efficient and customizable. Personal chemical information software is still being developed and reported in the literature. Examples include a relational database patterned after the Upjohn Cousin system (108), and CheD, which is a SQL-based system with a Web client (109). 

Figure 13. Upjohn Cousin system monthly usage levels, support staff excluded.

A number of commercial systems that were available at the time were evaluated. Several failed to meet all criteria, due to a lack of U.S. installations and/or U.S.-based system support groups. Those that failed were DARC/Questel, Telesystemes, Paris, France the NIH-EPA Chemical Information System CHEMPIX, developed by Moreaux of Roussel-Uclaf and marketed by Chemical Information Management Inc. and SYNLIB, marketed by Smith Kline Beckman. The Upjohn COUSIN system, developed by Dr J Howe, was not commercially available. Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) private file support was considered too expensive. Security with the CAS file was also a concern of MSDRL since it could not be brought in-house. 

A pipeline GIS is a close cousin to a city GIS. Our company needed to produce a GIS for a two-mainline system from New Mexico to California. A subsidiary had already begun a GIS for the gathering systems, their part of the business. 

Infinite Systems The ultimate fate of infinite systems, in the infinite time limit, is quite different from their finite cousins. In particular, the fate of infinite systems does not depend on the initial density of cr = 1 sites. In the thermodynamic limit, there will always exist, with probability one, some convex cluster large enough to grow without limit. As f -4 oo, the system thus tends to p —r 1 for all nonzero initial densities. What was the critical density for finite systems, pc, now becomes a spinodal point separating an unstable phase for cr = 0 sites for p > pc from a metastable phase in which cr = 0 and cr = 1 sites coexist. For systems in the metastable phase, even the smallest perturbation can induce a cluster that will grow forever. 

Deterministic context sensitive L-Systems called DIL-Systems [prus89] - generalize their context-free cousins by allowing productions of the form... 

The application of Eqs. (17) requires a detailed knowledge of the two-phase hydrodynamics so that the parameters Ru Wc, U,a, U a, Vd, a, and Qt can be evaluated. The fluid dynamics of annular flows have been investigated experimentally. Russell and Lamb (R4) have studied the flow mechanism of horizontal annular flow Cousins et at. (C8) have dealt with droplet movement in vertical annular flow. Anderson and Russell (A6) have analyzed the interchange of droplets in horizontal systems, and numerous other hydrodynamic studies have been reported in Hewitt et al. (HI). Cichy et al. (C4) have reviewed the methods for evaluating the same hydrodynamic parameters that are also used in mass transfer studies. It is difficult to... 

We present CCD photometry in the Johnson V, Kron-Cousins I and Washington system CTi passbands for NGC2324, a rich open cluster located near the Galactic anticentre direction. We believe that the high discrepancy in the basic cluster parameters derived in previous studies, particularly in the cluster metal content, warrants their redetermination on the basis of more reliable data. 

Whilst the flow curves of materials have received widespread consideration, with the development of many models, the same cannot be said of the temporal changes seen with constant shear rate or stress. Moreover we could argue that after the apparent complexity of linear viscoeleastic systems the non-linear models developed above are very poor cousins. However, it is possible to introduce a little more phenomenological rigour by starting with the Boltzmann superposition integral given in Chapter 4, Equation (4.60). This represents the stress at time t for an applied strain history ... 

Bates, D.W., Preventing Medication Errors. In Medication Use A Systems Approach to Reducing Errors (D.D. Cousins, ed.). Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organizations, Oakbrook Terrace, IL, 1999, pp. 57-73. 

The D-score is computed using the maximum dissimilarity algorithm of Lajiness (20). This method utilizes a Tanimoto-like similarity measure defined on a 360-bit fragment descriptor used in conjunction with the Cousin/ChemLink system (21). The important feature of this method is that it starts with the selection of a seed compound with subsequent compounds selected based on the maximum diversity relative to all compounds already selected. Thus, the most obvious seed to use in the current scenario is the compound that has the best profile based on the already computed scores. Thus, one needs to compute a preliminary consensus score based on the Q-score and the B-score using weights as defined previously. To summarize this, one needs to... 

A chemical cousin of ephedrine, pseudoephedrine (Figure 5.2b) is found in many allergy and cold medications, such as Sudafed and Actifed , and acts to open nasal passages and sinuses to clear nasal congestion. Pseudoephedrine is also a nervous system stimulant—it is much less potent than... 

The proteolytic systems of psychrotrophic bacteria selectively attack /3- and as-caseins (Cousin and Marth 1977A), whereas whey proteins are relatively unaffected. Growth of psychrotrophic bacteria in milk results in decreased stability of casein, as measured by rennet coagulation time and heat stability (Cousin and Marth 1977B). Growth of psychrotrophs in milk also causes an increased rate of acid production by starter cultures as a result of increased quantities of readily available nitrogen compounds (Cousin and Marth 1977C.D). 

Due to the reduced contact with the greater, external, aqueous environment, sessile bacteria are different from their planktonic cousins and react differently to changes within cooling systems. 

In another of their reincarnations, the archetypal PET signaling systems 29 and its smaller cousin show fluorescence intensity changes in the presence of paramagnetic metal cations such as Mn2+, Co2+, and Cu2+ [80], Such paramagnetic metal ions quench fluorescence and can be rationalized via their unpaired... 

The success of 24 and its cousins can be extended by attaching extra functionalities to improve selectivity towards chosen saccharide derivatives. For instance, glucosamine can be specified in its protonated form by modifying 24 with an azacrown ether. The latter unit is known to bind ammonium ions and 9-anthrylmethyl azacrown is a luminescent PET system of 15 years standing [76], 95, due to Cooper and James at the University of Birmingham, England,... 

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