Coumarone-indene plastics

Till this time, polymer science was largely empirical, instinctive, and intuitive. Several polymers were commercially available prior to World War I celluloid, shellac, Galalith (casein), Bakelite, and cellulose acetate plastics hevea rubber, cotton, wool, and silk rayon fibers Glyptal polyester coatings bitumen or asphalt, and coumarone-indene and petroleum resins. However, as evidenced by the chronological data shown in Table 1.1, there was little... 

Benzofuran may also be formed during other uses of coal or oil. The part of the coal oil that contains 2,3-benzofuran is made into a plastic called coumarone-indene resin. Coumarone-indene resin can then be used to make paint, varnish, glue, and floor tiles, and it is allowed on food products and packages. We know very little about how 2,3-benzofuran might get into the environment or what happens to it after it gets there. 

Coumarone-indene resin as a plasticizer in rubber articles intended for repeated use in contact vith food Yes CFR 1989d (21 CFR 177.2600)... 

Coumarone-indene resins are sold under various trade names Cumar, Neville, Nevindene, Paradene Picoumaron. Numerous applications in industry include uses in plastics, protective coatings, adhesives, lacquers, and as plasticizers for cellulose esters vinyl resins Refs i) Beil 17, 56 [ 57.1 2) Kirk Othmer... 

Valuable chemicals are recovered from the gas in the coke plant. Bensene is used in the production of nylon, toluene euid xylene are used as solvents and in the making of various chemicals. Phenols recovered from tar amd the gas find uses in meJcing thermosetting phenolic plastics. Ammonia is used as fertiliser in aigriculture. Coumarone-indene recovered from the high boiling solvent is used in the resin industry. Naphthalene recovered from tar is used to make phthalic anhydride. There are literally hundreds of compounds in the tar and the chemicals recovered from the coke oven gas. Several of these are in sufficiently laurge concentrations to make recovery in pure form economically feasible. 

Coumarone-Indene Epoxy Resins Nylon Plastics Cellulosics Others... 

In solvent-borne rubber adhesives, a variety of solvents can be chosen to control drying rate, adjust viscosity and dissolve important ingredients. Resins can be added to improve tack, wetting properties, heat resistance, bond strength and oxidation resistance. The most common resins nsed in rubber-based adhesives are rosins, rosin esters, and terpene, coumarone-indene, hydrocarbon and phenobc resins. Plasticizers and softeners reduce hardness, enhance tack and decrease cost of rubber adhesive formulations. Paraffinic oils, phthalate esters and polybutenes are typical plasticizers. Fillers are not often added to rubber adhesive formulations because they reduce adhesion. However they are sometimes used because they decrease cost and increase solution viscosity. Carbon black and titanium dioxide are also used to provide colour to the adhesives. Clays, calcium carbonate and silicates are also common fillers in rubber adhesive formulations. For water-borne adhesives, typically protective colloid, preservative, defoamers, wetting agents and emulsifiers are included in the formulations. 

Chlorinated paraffin (chlorocosane) n. Any of a family of yellow to light amber liquids produced by chlorinating a paraffin oil, with uses as secondary plasticizers for vinyls, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, and coumarone-indene resins. Chlorinated paraffins also impart flame resistance to polyolefins, polystyrene, PVC, natural rubber, and unsaturated polyester resins. 

Flux fl9ks [ME, fr. MF ML MF, fr. ML fluxus, fr. L, flow, fr. fluere to flow] (14c) n. (1) In chemistry and metallurgy, a substance, e.g., borax or fluorspar, used to promote fusion of metals or minerals. (2) In plastics compounding, the term flux is sometimes used for an additive that improves flow properties, e.g., coumarone-indene resin in the milling of vinyl compounds. (3) In heat and mass transfer, the rate of transfer per unit of cross-sectional area perpendicular to the direction of transfer. (4) Luminous flux. 

Figure 4.27. Effect of plasticizer on the indentation of crosslinked nitrile rubber 5°C/min, no plasticizer (medium dashed line) lOphr coumarone indene resin (solid line) lOphr hydrocarbon resin (long dashed line) lOphr hydroxy resin (short dashed line) [from Brazier and Nickel (1978) reprinted with permission of Elsevier].

Miscellaneous Plasticizers. Hydrocarbons and halogenated hydrocarbons belong mainly to the secondary plasticizer type. Aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons are used as extenders coumarone-indene resins and coal tar oils are miscible with rubber and slightly miscible with vinyl polymers. Alkylnaphtha-lenes are used as lubricants for vinylic polymers. Chlorinated hydrocarbons are used as secondary plasticizers in PVC, rubber or cellulose acetate-based blends to increase the resistance to inflammation. 

Coumarone-Indene Resin n Any of a family of resins produced by polymerizing a coal-tar naphtha containing coumarone and indene. The naphtha is first washed with sulfuric acid to remove some impurities, then is polymerized in the presence of sulfuric acid or stannic chloride as a catalyst. Remaining impurities determine the quality of the resin, which can range from a clear, viscous liquid to a dark, brittle solid. Coumarone-indene resins have no commercial applications when used alone, but are used primarily as processing aids, extenders, and plasticizers with other resins and with rubbers. 

Effects of Additives. The ratio of endblock phase to midblock phase can be varied by adding materials which associate preferentially with one phase or the other. Coumarone-indene resins, for example, associate with the end-block phase in S-B-S and S-I-S polymers. Figure 7 shows how the initial portion of the stress-strain curve of the neat polymer. Curve B, is shifted upward to Curve A when the end-block phase concentration is increased by adding a resin of that type. Curve C shows how the reverse occurs when, for example, a tacki-fying resin or a plasticizing oil which associates with the rubber phase is present instead. 

Building tack in nitrile compounds may be achieved by the incorporation of tackifying resins such as coumarone indene (e.g., Cumar MH) or nonactivated phenolic types such as Schaiectady SP 1066 or hydrocarbon types such as Wingtack 95. It is important to use a minimum amount or no stearic acid, or replace it with lauric acid, and nonblooming, vay compatible plasticizers such as liquid NBR, phosphate esters, and glycol ether estos. 

NBR, HNBR, and XNBR compounds, especially those based on polymers with lower ACN contents, can have a strong tendency to bag on null and calender rolls. This bagging may be worsened if the compound is lightly plasticized, unplasticized, or has a high Mooney viscosity. The bagging can be reduced or eliminated by adding 3%-10% of a coumarone-indene resin, such as Cumar P-10. Struktol 60 NS is recommended at levels of 2%-3% to improve the extrusion rate and appearance of extmdates. Struktol 60 NS is not recommended for peroxide-cure systems. 

---