Cotton unbleached

Nessel,/. nettle unbleached cotton cloth, nettle cloth, -ausschlag, m. nettle rash, -ge-waohse, n.pl. (Bot.) Urticaceae. 

Table 10.32 Comparison of cold and hot mercerising processes for bleached and unbleached cotton and for modal fibres [275,277] ...

Apart from workplace-related problems like cotton dust, the presence of grass, bark, sand, seeds and seed parts in lint causes grade reduction and associated reductions in the market value of the fiber (10). For instance, unbleachable grass-seed... 

Nitrated Linen Fiber (Nitroflax, in Fr Nitrolen). Product resembling cotton NC and prepd by nitrating unbleached flax. When nitrated under identical conditions, flax gives a more viscous prod than cotton. In order to lower the viscosity of nitroflax, the temp of nitration is raised. Nitroflax has been used in some celluloids (Ref 1, p 120), and was proposed (Ref 1, p 773) as a basic ingredient in commercial expls, other components being collodion cotton, glycerin, ozokerite, resin, etc Refs 1) Daniel (1902), 120 (under Celluloid)... 

The effect of nitrating bleached and unbleached cotton (after Sakurada [78])... 

Cellulosic raw materials. The best raw material for manufacturing dynamite nitrocotton is unbleached or very slightly bleached long-fibre cotton. Usually cotton wastes from spinning mills are used. The raw material is purified as described earlier (p. 363). 

Distinction between Raw and Bleached Products.—In the raw state, many textile fibres, such as flax, hemp, jute, etc., exhibit a colour quite distinct from white and in these cases the distinction between raw and bleached products is simple and is made by the eye. Other fibres, however, such as those of cotton and wool, are often white in the unbleached state and in such cases the distinction between the raw and bleached products cannot be made by the eye but requires investigation. 

Maxi pads (unbleached or natural cotton is preferable) in multiple sizes. You may be bleeding for up to six weeks. For pain, a few of these soaked in organic witch hazel, then frozen, can be quite soothing. 

Materials. The modern silk fabric tested was Testfabrics style 607 broadcloth, degummed but undyed and unbleached. The fabric yarn was 140/2 cotton count and the warp and filling threads/0.01 m are 40 and 33, respectively. Fabric weight was approximately 56 gm/m. ... 

Like cotton, there are many different linen fabrics made from the basic flax fiber. Most of these are defined only by the type of weave and the fineness of the fiber, such as cambric and damask. The word linen is usually applied only to unbleached plain weave material. Some names are applied to similar fabrics made of cotton and linen. An example of this is canvas, a plainly woven fabric of varying weight made from hard-twisted yam. Canvas may be made from hemp, cotton, jute, or flax (linen). Most fine fabrics, particularly of European or American manufacture, are made from flax. Since its invention in the 1600s, most lace has also been made of flax thread. 

A color palette for various shades of browns (obviously the most useful for repair of aged papers) has sometimes been achieved through the use of different kinds of unbleached fibers such as unbleached kraft, linen, or cotton. At this point, however, it should be pointed out that pulp designed for use in book repair may differ in its requirements from that used on art objects. Pulp used on art objects must withstand continual exposure to light without significant alteration in color. Unbleached kraft, linen, or cotton fibers tend to become lighter with prolonged... 

Figure 2B shows a group of sulfite pulps with the cotton linters pulp shown again for comparison. The USS and BSS pulps, unbleached and bleached spruce sulfite, respectively, are quite similar and fall between the cotton linters pulp and the bleached pine sulfite pulp with respect to both initial decomposition and final residue. 

Samples and duplicate samples of unbleached desized cotton print cloth (400 V test fabrics), 80 X 80 count, 3.5 oz/yd2, and yarn size of 40 singles in warp and weft, were randomly selected after conditioning to 55% rh in a desiccator over potassium dichromate solution. The samples were placed inside the pharmacy bottles along the flat sides so that each bottle contained one sample and one duplicate. When the samples were placed side by side along the flat side of the bottle chambers, they filled the entire flat-sided area. Dark chambers were achieved by wrapping the bottles in aluminum foil to exclude light. 

Treatment Sequence. The textile used for the experiments was unbleached and undyed cotton. The fragment was plain weave and had a thread count of 17 X 12/cm (warp X weft), and the yams were spun with a Z twist. The textile was dated from about A.D. 1100 to A.D. 1350 and was attributed to the Peruvian central coast. It was only moderately dirty and was in excellent condition. 

If time permits, repeat with a piece of unbleached cotton cloth and describe the change. 

Mercerization improves dimensional stability of cotton woven fabrics [63]. When knitted fabrics are compared with respect to their relative openness, temperature increases can be said to improve mercerization because when the goods are bleached and then mercerized, the fabric becomes more dense. However, when unbleached fabrics are mercerized, the fabrics become more open [64]. Mercerization also gives moderate improvement in crease recovery of cotton fabrics [65] as well as some protection against the decrease in tensile strength caused by easy-care finishing. 

Raw cotton contains about 0.5% of a waxy substance which serves as a protective coating on the surface of the fiber. Cotton wax is insoluble in water and because of this, raw cotton is very hard to wet. It is well known that unbleached cotton will not soak up water as easily as bleached cotton. After cotton is purified, all of these impurities are reduced to a total of about %. ... 

Use unbleached or organic cotton products because fewer chemicals were used to produce them. This reduces the amount of toxic waste. 

The wettability of various wood fibres was studied in [173], including bleached and unbleached, and alkyl ketene dimer sized and non-sized fibres. An improvement of the wettability with an increase of the surfactant concentration, except nonionics, was observed for all types of fibres. It has been noted in [174] that the electrokinetic potential of fibres determines considerably the efficiency of their washing and dying. Alkali mercerisation of cotton influences not only the fine structure, morphology and conformation of cellulose molecules, but also the negative electrokinetic potential of the cotton fibres. Based on this, the selection of mercerisation conditions due to changes in the NaOH concentration will allow to... 

Roos, S., Posner, S., Jonsson, C., Peters, G.M., 2015. Is unbleached cotton better than bleached Exploring the limits of life cycle assessment in the textile sector. Clothing and Textiles Research Journal. http //dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887302X15576404. 

As Rosenau et al. [49] indicated that paper grade pulp, unbleached chemical pulp, cotton and rayon fiber wastes, or even paper wastes can be used as raw materials for Lyocell fiber production, even though problems with spinnability may be encountered in some cases. In preparation for spinning dope, a 50-60% aqueous NMMO is used with the addition of 0.01 0.10% antioxidant to prevent cellulose degradation. A typical antioxidant is PG [50]. In a typical Lyocell industrial process, the slurry is produced from cellulose pulp and an aqueous NMMO solution. Typical compositions are 50-60% NMMO, 20 30% water, and 10-15% pulp [48]. Subsequently excess water is efficiently evaporated at temperatures lower than 150°C and... 

Wax Candles.—Per making these candles the wicks are made of unbleached Turkey cotton. Wax is not suitable for moulding in the ordinary way, owing to its liability to adhere to the moulds, and also contracting to a great extent in the act of cooling. To prepare the candles, the wicks are first warmed in a stove, and are then suspended upon a wooden or metal hoop slung over a... 

Osnaburg n. A coarse cotton or polyester/ cotton fabric, often partly of waste fiber, in a plain weave, medium to heavy in weight, that looks like crash. Unbleached osnaburg is used for grain and cement sacks, and higher grades are used as apparel and household fabrics. 

The inner surface of the medical back belt consists of cotton twill because it is directly applied onto the skin. In the centre of the inner surface the orthopaedic pad, called pelotte, is attached, which consists of foam or silicone material. These orthopaedic pads are often used because they can put pressure on dehned parts of the body to give these parts extra support. They are frequently attached in orthosis or artihcial limbs to prevent the product from shifting during use. This is a very important aspect for the medical back belt because on top of this pad the textile electrodes are embroidered, which have to stay in place, otherwise the treatment will not be effective enough. In the back belt a foam pelotte is used with a protective cover of 100% unbleached cotton. 

Kim S, Moldes D, Cavaco-Paulo A (2007) Laccases for enzymatic colouration of unbleached cotton. Enzyme Microb Technol 40 1788-1793... 

Cotton loses 8% of its strength after 20 days and 32% after 80 days at 100°C, and even 62% and 90% at 130°C [8], At the temperature of 21°C and the RH of 65%, a coarse unbleached gray cotton yam over stainless steel of radius 19 mm at standard conditions of 72 m/min, 25 g initial tension, shows the coefficient of friction (p) of cotton on cotton is 0.29 (for crossed fibers) and 0.22 (for parallel fibers), and p for cotton passing over guides is 0.29 (for hard steel), 0.32 (for porcelain), 0.23 (for fiber puUey), and 0.24 (for ceramic) respectively [6]. The heat of absorption of cotton varies with the environmental relative humidity, as listed in Table 2.6. 

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