Yarn sizing

The choice and combinations of different size components must take account of many factors if optimum results are to be obtained. Much has been published regarding the optimisation of size formulations in relation to desizing processes [177-183]. Cotton warp yarns sized with starch are normally woven at high humidity (80% and above) to keep yarn breakages low, as the starch film is brittle at low humidity. It has been shown [183], however, that improved weavability at moderate relative humidity (e.g. 65%) can be obtained using (a) starch/acrylamide or hydroxyethyl starch at not less than 15% add-on or (b) poly(vinyl alcohol), which gave excellent results even at a low add-on of 5-6%. 

Samples and duplicate samples of unbleached desized cotton print cloth (400 V test fabrics), 80 X 80 count, 3.5 oz/yd2, and yarn size of 40 singles in warp and weft, were randomly selected after conditioning to 55% rh in a desiccator over potassium dichromate solution. The samples were placed inside the pharmacy bottles along the flat sides so that each bottle contained one sample and one duplicate. When the samples were placed side by side along the flat side of the bottle chambers, they filled the entire flat-sided area. Dark chambers were achieved by wrapping the bottles in aluminum foil to exclude light. 

Cotton yarns sizing 100% Cotton yarns sizing 100% Cotton yarns sizing... 

Cotton and mixed yarns sizing Printing Finishing... 

Enzyme desizing is accomplished with greater ease on yarns sized with ETHYLEX than on yarns sized with most other textile starches. 

February 1951) 85-6, 90-1 (April 1951). Cotton yarn sizing materials, preparation, and practices a review of the literature, with 27 references. 

The cotton yarns sized with various polymeric sizing agents were provided by Southern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture. These yarns had been sized on a laboratory single-end-slasher. Portions of the sized yarns also had been subjected to a desizing process involving a boil-off with 0.5 sodium hydroxide. 

Figure 4. The photoacoustic infrared spectra of (A) a cotton yarn (B) a cotton yarn sized with a polyurethane (C) the corresponding powder from the sized yarn.

Water can be used as the medium for a solvent-based adhesive when the polymeric material is water soluble. An example of such an adhesive would be a yarn-sizing formulation based on modified cellulose. Polyvinyl alcohol or polyacrylic acid. Generally, however, solvents are organic compounds, for example hydrocarbons (hexane, toluene), ketones (butan-2-one) and esters (ethyl acetate) see Solvent-based adhesives. 

Box loom n. A loom using two or more shuttles for weaving fabrics with filling yarns that differ in fiber type, color, twist, level, or yarn size. The box motion is automatic, changing from one shuttle to another. Examples of fabrics made on box looms are crepes and ginghams. 

Count n. (1) A numerical designation of yarn size indicating the relationship of length to weight. (2) The number of warp yarns (ends) and filling yarns (picks) per inch in a woven fabric, or the number of wales and courses per inch in a knit fabric. For example, a fabric count of 68 x 52 indicates 68 ends/in. in the warp and 52 picks/ in. in the filling. 

Effects of number of warp yarns (a) denting order (b) weft density and (c) yarn size on pore radius. 

As an example of fabric shearing, consider the plain-weave fabric shown in Fig. 6.2. Woven fabrics generally consist of two sets of interlaced yam components, known as warp and weft (or fill) yarns according to the yam orientation. Each yarn is a bundle of filaments (or fibers), and the yarn size is measured by the number of filaments in the yarn and the diameter of those filaments. Woven fabrics offer many advantages in terms of deformation capabilities, including dimensional stability, good conformabil-ity and deep-draw formability. Compared to unwoven-fabric composites. 

Textile yarn sizing agents United States 4,189,416 1980 Monsanto... 

Orthocide - 873 Orthocryl yarn size - 24, 873 Orthoform ic acid 737 Orthoformylbenzenesulfonic acid - 693 OS 45 Hydraulic fluid - 280, 363 OS 70 - 363... 

---