Linen fiber

Leinen, n. linen cloth, -faden, m. linen fiber linen thread, -stoff, m. linen cloth. 

Linen Fiber (Flax, Byssus). The bast fiber of the flax plant, an annual herb about 2 ft high. 

Nitrated Linen Fiber (Nitroflax, in Fr Nitrolen). Product resembling cotton NC and prepd by nitrating unbleached flax. When nitrated under identical conditions, flax gives a more viscous prod than cotton. In order to lower the viscosity of nitroflax, the temp of nitration is raised. Nitroflax has been used in some celluloids (Ref 1, p 120), and was proposed (Ref 1, p 773) as a basic ingredient in commercial expls, other components being collodion cotton, glycerin, ozokerite, resin, etc Refs 1) Daniel (1902), 120 (under Celluloid)... 

The question of paper permanence is concerned primarily with the stability of cellulose fibers. Pure cellulose in its native state is a very stable material. Cellulose textile fibers have been preserved under favorable conditions for long periods without loss of integrity. It has been observed that many papers manufactured 100 to 200 years ago from cotton or linen fibers have retained their essential usefulness. 

JCP Specifications. The U.S. Congressional JCP has published six government paper-specification standards for permanent-record paper (32). These specifications were written in the tradition of cotton or linen fiber, high folding endurance, and high cellulose purity as indicated by high a-cellulose content and low copper number. 

Even in concentrations as low as 10 M Fe, linen reacts with sufficient iron to catalyze the image formation. The increase in image intensity is dependent somewhat on the iron concentration. Of course, linen fibers having relatively high iron contents are stained already by the iron. 

Cellulose never occurs in nature in a pure form. Cotton is the purest natural form, consisting of about 90 percent cellulose. Flax (linen fiber) consists of about 70 to 75 percent cellulose, wood of about 40 to 50 percent cellulose, and seaweeds and algae of about 25 to 30 percent cellulose. 

Boiled-off, but unbleached, linen, or bleached, but unboiled, flax show the following characteristics when treated with iodine and sulfuric acid, the cross sections show the external yellow layer of lignin, whereas the rest of the pure cellulose turns pure blue [108]. Boiled linen fibers, upon treatment with Schweitzer s reagent, become swollen, but do not dissolve away completely the fiber blisters irregularly and the shriveled up, insoluble cuticle of the lumen canal is revealed floating in the reagent. 

Figure 2 Cross-section (A) and longitudinal view (B) of typical linen fibers. (Originally published in the AATCC Technical manual, as a part of AATCC Test Method 20 reprinted with permission from the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists.)...

Linen li-non [ME, fr. OE ImeUy fr. iJn flax, fr. L linum flax akin to Gk linon flax, thread] (before 12c) adj. Cellulosic fibers derived from the stem of the flax plant or a fabric made from these fibers. Linen fibers are much stronger and more lustrous that cotton they yield cool, absorbent fabrics that wrinkle easily. Fabrics with linen-like texture and coolness but with good wrinkle resistance can be produced from manufactured fibers and blends. 

The disadvantages of tris buffer are that it is a primary aliphatic amine which can react with some samples, that it does not have a large buffering capacity at this pH value, and that it appears to be reactive with linen fiber reference junctions. Most often, these disadvantages are not significant or can be overcome by use of another type of reference junction. 

If the preequilibration response test shows slow response for the reference electrode after the glass electrode has been preequilibrated, it may be the result of a clogged junction or an inappropriate junction material for the sample. A description of testing and clearing a high resistance or clogged junction is provided in Chapter 3, along with a description of the different types of junctions and their characteristics. A particular type of junction may exhibit slow response for a particular sample while another type does not. For example, a linen fiber junction is slow to respond in tris buffer while a ceramic junction provides much faster response. 

When exposed to microorganisms, pectins content in the linen fiber decreases by 38%, whereas cellulose content-by 1.2% only. The quantity of wax and ash content of the fiber exposed to microorganisms do not virtually change. 

Ren, X., Buschle-DiUer, G. (2007). Oxidoreductases for modification of linen fibers. CoUoids Surf A Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, 299,15-21. 

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