Costs process rates

The vendor states that SPI Division can assist potential customers by providing cost modeling services based on factors listed to identify estimated operating cost, processing rate, and emission prediction. 

Therefore, depending on the processing rate and other site-specific factors, the cost of treatment using thermal distillation ranges from 40 to 500 per ton of material treated. Thermal... 

Table 1 shows treatment costs for the technology (based on a processing rate of 20 gpm) in comparison to other groundwater treatment technologies (i.e., chemical reduction and precipitation, chemical precipitation with sedimentation or filtration, activated carbon adsorption, ion exchange, reverse osmosis, and electrodialysis) (D168869, Table 13). 

Processing rates varied for the units based on the diameter of the gravity vessel. In all cases the unit was to be installed to a depth of 12,800 ft (for the purposes of the cost estimate). It was assumed that the unit would be emplaced in Utah, under severe drilling conditions. Construction costs were assumed to include all costs of materials, construction, drilling, permitting, and materials handling. These costs are listed in Rappe, 1997, and are summarized in Table 1. 

Based on data from the U.S. EPA SITE demonstration program, treatment costs were estimated for treating soil at various processing rates. At a rate of 20 tons per hour, total fixed and variable... 

TABLE 1 Detailed Breakout of Total Fixed and Variable Costs to Process 10,000 Tons of Soil at Various Processing Rates... 

Operating costs are most affected by the processing rate. Soil moisture content and soil treatment temperature are site-specific factors that also affect cost. The vendor claims operating efficiency (and therefore cost efficiency) accrues quickly after the HAVE System has been mobilized to a site and system setup has been established. 

A racemic synthesis has implications for the project both from a chemical perspective (where a highly efficient process is required to ensure that sufficient quantities of material can be synthesized at a reasonable cost and rate) and environmentally, as potentially there will be a significant amount of waste and byproducts generated. 

Increasing temperature is another means to increase reaction rate. This is the lowest-cost process alternative to achieve higher rates as long as no... 

A major trend in industrial chemistry has been an emphasis on improved processes for the production of major chemicals such as ethylene, propylene, vinyl chloride, styrene, alkylene oxides, methanol, terephthalates, and so on. The necessity for higher efficiency, lower cost processes has been accentuated by the relatively slow growth rates of major industrial chemicals over the past two decades or so. The fertilizer portion of the agricultural chemicals market as described in Table 2.6 is an example of the slow growth. 

Combing is thus a critical process in producing a quality top. It is also a costly process, and a modem comb wiU only produce at a maximum rate of about 30 kg/h for 21 )im wool. 

A methanol conversion rate of 14%/h at 220 °C, with ethanol accounting for 72 wt % and methane 28 wt % of the product, was obtained with iron carbonyl-manganese carbonyl catalysts. The ability to synthesize ethanol without coproduct water could lead to lower-cost processes that do not require extensive energy-consuming distillations. 

Raw Material Bulk Density kg/L Extract. Charge kg Batch Time hours Process Rate kg/hr Extract Yield Percent Low High Process Cost Feed Extract /kg S/kg Low High ... 

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