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Cost estimates, plant

Pressure drop, chart, 102, 103, 111 Computer aided drafting, 17 Condensate, flashing flow, 135-142, 147 Charts, 142, 143 Control valve pressure drop, 90 Calculations, 90-96 Cost estimates, plant, 45-49 Accounting, 48... [Pg.626]

Cost Estimates - Plant investment costs were developed using cost correlations based on actual plants constructed by Standard Oil Company of California. The important bases for these estimates are summarized in Table XVIII. Costs for the overall Case 1 refinery are broken down and detailed in Table XIX. Investments are categorized as "onplot," those directly concerned with the individual refinery process plants, and "offplot," for auxiliary or supporting facilities, such as utility plants, tankage, etc. The estimating allowances shown... [Pg.106]

Produced from a.tura.1 Ga.s, Cost assessments of methanol produced from natural gas have been performed (13—18). Projections depend on such factors as the estimated costs of the methanol production faciUty, the value of the feedstock, and operating, maintenance, and shipping costs. Estimates vary for each of these factors. Costs also depend on the value of oil. Oil price not only affects the value of natural gas, it also affects the costs of plant components, labor, and shipping. [Pg.423]

Table 4. Pilot-Plant Cost Estimating Techniques... Table 4. Pilot-Plant Cost Estimating Techniques...
Miscellaneous Direct Costs Estimates for the cost of maintenance and repairs, operating supplies, royalties, and patents are best based on company records for similar processes. A rough average value for the annual cost of maintenance is 6 percent of the capital cost of the plant. This percentage can vaiy from 2 to 10 percent, depending on the severity of plant operation. Approximately half of the maintenance costs are for materials and half for labor. Royalty and patents costs are in the order of 1 to 5 percent of the sales price of the product. [Pg.855]

Indirect Manufacturing Costs Estimates for the cost of payroh overhead, control laboratoiy, general plant overhead, packaging, and storage facilities are best based on company records for similar processes. [Pg.855]

Rapid Manufacturing-Cost Estimates Fixed manufacturing costs are a func tion of the fixed-capital investment and are independent of the production rate of the plant. Property taxes or rates depend on location. They may be taken as 2 percent of the fixed-capital cost of the plant in the absence of specific data. The cost of insurance depends on both location and the hazardous nature of the materials handled. This cost is normally of the order of 1 percent of the fixed-capital cost of the plant. [Pg.855]

A multiple-factor method for predesign cost estimating has been put forward by D. H. Allen and R. C. Paffe [Chem. Eng., 82, 142-150 (Mar. 3, 1975)] for fluid-type plants (F) that include some vapor processing. The method requires the following input information ... [Pg.866]

Table 9-63 uses the data of Fig. 9-44 to compare the relative fixed-capital costs for plant constnic tion in other countries with those for the United States. The relative cost ratios were developed from data similar to those in Table 9-62. Labor ratios were corrected for the different local rates and hours per working week, job duration, and degree of mechanization available in other countries. Some of these factors are difficult to estimate, and the final total ratios give a reasonable order-of-magnitiide value for relative construction costs for equivalent plants in the countries indicated. Table 9-63 uses the data of Fig. 9-44 to compare the relative fixed-capital costs for plant constnic tion in other countries with those for the United States. The relative cost ratios were developed from data similar to those in Table 9-62. Labor ratios were corrected for the different local rates and hours per working week, job duration, and degree of mechanization available in other countries. Some of these factors are difficult to estimate, and the final total ratios give a reasonable order-of-magnitiide value for relative construction costs for equivalent plants in the countries indicated.
From a survey of early 1982, prices of a number of widely used types of process filter were collated by Hall and coworkers [Chem. Eng., 89(7), 80 (1982)]. These data are drawn together in Fig. 18-137, updated to 1995 prices. They have a claimed accuracy of 10 percent, but they should be used confidently only with study-level cost estimations ( 25 percent) at best. Cost of deliveiy to the plant can be approximated as 3 percent of the FOB price [Pikulik anciDiaz, Chem. Eng., 84(21), 106(1977)]. [Pg.1723]

Following development of the study direction, the evaluation describes the efforts of obtaining and validating process information, and then discusses equipment specifications and a cost estimate of the feasibility or budget type i.e., with plant costs factored from major material. Finally, project economics and financing complete the evaluation. [Pg.213]

Safety Systems. Major expenditures here include the flare system (the flare structures and large lines extending throughout the plant) and the iirevvater system (high-capacity pumps and extensive piping). Safety systems, fortunately, are usually given particular attention. At this study phase, the main thrust should be to check the completeness of licensor equipment lists for cost estimation purposes. [Pg.217]

Instrument and Plant Air Systems. A typical setup for a large plant could include three to four 50% instrument air compressors and two 100% plant air compressors, with steam drives for normally operated units and electrical drives for spares. Common practice would provide an interconnection to allow makeup from plant air into instrument air, but not vice versa, and two sets (two 100% driers per set—one on-stream and one regenerating) of 1007c instrument air driers. Two main receivers on instrument air near the compressors with several minutes holdup time and satellite receivers at process trains would be likely and proper for feasibility cost estimating. [Pg.228]

Flare Systems. There is a good chance that the operating company will not have anyone experienced in flare system design. For feasibility cost estimates, rough estimates can be made by comparison with existing plants or a vendor can be contacted for budget cost estimates for the flare stacks and associated knockout drum, burner tip, igniter, and molecular seal. [Pg.228]

Early in the life of a project, information has not been developed to allow definitive cost estimates based on material takeoff and vendor quotes for equipment. Therefore, it is necessary to estimate the cost of a facility using shortcut methods. The first step is to develop or check flow-sheets, major equipment sizes, and specification sheets as described in earlier chapters. From the equipment specification sheets, the cost of each piece of equipment is estimated, using techniques discussed later. Once the major equipment cost has been estimated, the total battery limit plant cost can he quickly estimated using factors developed on a similar project. [Pg.230]

Utilities are very expensive and highly variable from plant to plant. Great care must be exercised to get the proper steam and electrical loads, not only in the process areas, but also in the offsite areas to make sure the cost estimate for the utilities is complete. [Pg.232]

The productivity of labor can make enough difference in the cost of plants to justify an adjustment for location, even in early estimates. [Pg.234]

Desai. M. B., Preliminary Cost Estimating of Process Plants, Chemical Engineering, July 27,... [Pg.236]

All salaried employees working directly with the plant operation should be included in the estimate of supervision costs. The plant manager s secretary and other supervision support personnel are sometimes included as supervision even though they are not salaried nor in a direct supervisory position. The main thing is to make sure all employee costs are included in some category, but not duplicated in some other category. [Pg.238]

Estimated Plant Cost, X 10 , Dollars (1975), not Including Engineering Fees or Construction Overhead... [Pg.44]

Daywork. Rates are based on the agreed cost of labor per hour and on cost of plant and materials. This is sometimes the only fair way, because the amount of work is uncertain, or cannot be sufficiently estimated by the bidder. [Pg.85]


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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.45 , Pg.46 , Pg.47 , Pg.48 ]




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