Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Containers

Considerable interest has been shown in the potential of PEN for cosmetic and pharmaceutical containers. Many cosmetics require the increased chemical resistance of PEN. These, generally, are small, amorphous, non-oriented containers that can resist solvent crystallization by the specific chemicals involved. Similar PET containers develop an unacceptable, solvent-induced hazy appearance. PEN has been used successfully to contain liquid anesthetics [28], while PEN blood tubes have also been demonstrated [29], 

Although PEN is still a specialty resin when compared to PET, its improved properties potential ensures that considerable market growth will occur in the near future. This growth will stimulate increased commercial availability of the naphthalate diester and diacid monomers essential for numerous commercial applications. 

Prevost, P., BP Chemicals and the global polyester/PTA supply/demand, presentation given at the Polyester 2000 5th World Congress, Zurich, Switzerland, November 28-December 1, 2000, Maack Business Services [www.MBSpolymer.com], 

Film applications BP naphthalates, BP Chemicals [www.bpchemi-cals.com/naphthalates], 

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POLYETHYLENE NAPHTHALATE), COPOLYMERS AND ESTERS 10.4 COSMETIC AND PHARMACEUTICAL CONTAINERS... 

Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Heated to decomp., emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes Uses Antioxidant for industrial prods., foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals containing fats and oils... 

Carbopol is widely used in cosmetic and pharmaceutical practice as a gel-former. Carbopol resins are hydrophilic polymers which swell in water solutions and transform into the gel form at neutralization. At the elaboration of special cosmetic preparations in which carbopol is used, the problem of raw materials compatibility appears. For example, some extracts of aromatic pectin containing materials destroy the gel structure of carbopol. High contents of bivalent metal ions, in particular calcium ions, destructively influence onto the gel-making ability of the system too. 

Some phosphorus-containing surfactants have bacteriostatic properties. In combination with their physiological acceptance they are used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. In mutanase oral anticarie compositions the combination of alkyl phosphates and nonionic surfactants stabilizes mutanase. A dentifrice useful for prevention of dental caries contains 0.5% sodium lauryl phosphate and 1.5% polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate [222]. 

Due to its particularly good polymer characteristics PVC has an enormously wide spectrum of applications. From the consumption of more than 5.5 x 106 t in Western Europe (1997), 60% is in the building field, with a tendency to rise. Blow molded containers for packaging liquid products (beverages, edible oils, detergents, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals) receive special consideration, as do dishes for fatty foods (highly... 

Another saturated tetrahydrofuryl core has found application as a component of liquid crystals. Cholesteric liquid crystal polymers are useful as photostable UV filters in cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations for the protection of human epidermis and hair against UV radiation, especially in the range 280-450nm <2000DEP19848130>. Fused bifuran 81 is a suitable monomer for the preparation of these desired polymers as it contains the requisite characteristics of having more than one chiral, bifunctional subunit type which is capable of forming a cholesteric liquid crystal phase with a pitch of <450 nm. It also contains an achiral aromatic or cycloaliphatic hydroxyl or amino carboxylic acid subunit, achiral aromatic or cycloaliphatic dicarboxylic acids, and/or achiral aromatic or cycloaliphatic diols or diamines. Polymers prepared from suitable monomers, such as diol 81, can also be used as UV reflectors, UV stabilizers, and multilayer pigments. 

Dimethicones of various viscosities are widely used in cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations. In topical oil-in-water emulsions dimethicone is added to the oil phase as an antifoaming agent. Dimethicone is hydrophobic and is also widely used in topical barrier preparations. Therapeutically, dimethicone may be used with simethicone in oral pharmaceutical formulations used in the treatment of flatulence. Dimethicone is also used to form a water-repellent film on glass containers. See Table I. 

Supercritical carbon dioxide, ethane, and propane have been examined for the fractionation of paraffin wax. The original feed contained wax molecules with 10-35 carbon atoms. A narrower carbon distribution is needed in the printing ink, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical applications. Based on the cost analyses, vacuum distillation was proposed to be a cheaper option for light paraffin wax, whereas supercritical fractionation... 

Consumers can be exposed to formaldehyde gas through its emission from construction materials, wood products, textiles, home furnishings, paper, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals (Bartnik et al. 1985 Pickrell et al. 1983 WHO 1989). Members of the general population may also be exposed to formaldehyde by dermal contact with many of these products. Based on a study of dermal absorption of formaldehyde in rats from cosmetic products, Bartnik et al. (1985) made rough estimates of the formaldehyde that could be absorbed through the use of products such as hand cream or sun-tan lotion. In the case of hand cream, approximately 2 g is used per application, containing 2 mg formaldehyde. Assuming 5% absorption,... 

Products and Uses Aloe is a succulent plant in the lily family. The leaf contains a gel-like substance used for skin lotions, creams, ointments, soaps, makeup, moisturizers, and over-the-counter (OTC) burn medications. It is a popular cosmetic and pharmaceutical ingredient. Frequently sold as a drink and mixed with water and juices. Could produce a laxative effect when consumed. 

Coconut oil is a fat consisting of about 90% saturated fat. The oil contains predominantly medium chain triglycerides, with roughly 92% saturated fatty acids, 6% monounsaturated fatty acids, and 2% polyunsaturated fatty acids." It is particularly rich in lauric add (47%), myristic acid (8%), and caprylic acid (8%), although it contains seven different saturated fatty acids in total. The oil finds extensive use in the food industry and also, usually after conversion to the alcohol (dodecanol), in the detergent, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. The only other commercially available lauric oil is palm kernel oil but there also exists lauiate-canola and cuphea species." ... 

Evening primrose is a North American native biennial plant. With an estimated 90% of global supply, China has actually become the major producer of evening primrose seed worldwide. Evening primrose oil has a long history of use as an alternative medicine and is offered for healthy, active-lifestyle diets. It contains up to 10% of y-linolenic acid (GLA). Formulations of GLA apply for a range of nutritional, cosmetic and pharmaceutical products, including some used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (Table 9.1.7). 

Uses Emollient, vise, control agent for cosmetics and pharmaceutical topicals opacifier and emollient in specialty bath oils Trade Names Containing Jarcol I-34T... 

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