Corn starch water

Hydrocolloidal water is an integral part of the dispersed phase and travels at the same velocity with it this is considered tightly bound water. Yakubu et al. (1990) identified three other forms of water in potato and com starch, viz., weakly bound, surface trapped, and bulk water. All forms were not present in potato starch containing less than 35% moisture, but were present in corn starch. Water, far removed from the solute surface (unbound or free water in the outer volume), travels at a different rate from hydrocolloidal water (Lechert et al., 1981). 

Grain legumes have also been processed into refined starch (10,11) and protein isolates (12,13,14) by procedures derived from the traditional corn starch and soybean protein industries (15). However, comparative data on product yields, composition and losses have not been published. A commercial plant for the wet processing of field pea into refined starch, protein isolate and refined fiber has been established in Western Canada. Little is known about the characteristics of the protein isolate or refined fiber product. Water-washed starch prepared from the air-classified starch fractions of field pea (16,17) and fababean (6) have been investigated for certain physico-chemical and pasting properties. Reichert (18) isolated the cell wall material from soaked field pea cotyledons and determined its fiber composition and water absorption capacity. In addition, the effects of drying techniques on the characteristics of pea protein Isolates have been determined (14). 

There are several examples of one-pot reactions with bifunctional catalysts. Thus, using a bifunctional Ru/HY catalyst, water solutions of corn starch (25 wt.%) have been hydrolyzed on acidic sites of the Y-type zeolite, and glucose formed transiently was hydrogenated on ruthenium to a mixture of sorbitol (96%), mannitol (1%), and xylitol (2%) [68]. Similarly a one-pot process for the hydrolysis and hydrogenation of inulin to sorbitol and mannitol has been achieved with Ru/C catalysts where the carbon support was preoxidized to generate acidic sites [69]. Ribeiro and Schuchardt [70] have succeeded in converting fructose into furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid with 99% selectivity at 72% conversion in a one-pot reaction... 

The physical characteristics of the starting materials are compiled in Table 1. Polyvinylpyrrolidone was added in a dry state to the powder mix of lactose and corn starch at a level of 3% (w/w). As a granulating liquid, demineralized water was used and pumped to the powder mix at a constant rate of 15g/min/Kg. 

We subject envelope and stamp adhesives to stringent safety requirements. Since we re likely to swallow traces of the stuff, we have to regulate it as a food. Gum arable from the acacia tree, dextrin from corn starch, and the water soluble resin polyvinyl alcohol are the adhesives we use most often. We also... 

Pre-Extrusion Blending. Based on the moisture contents of the corn starch and various protein sources, blends of 0,5,15,30, and 50% (dry weight) of each protein source were made by first dry mixing for 10 minutes in a Paterson-Kelly Model LB-P-8 twin shell blender followed by the appropriate amount of 20°C tap water to obtain a total moisture content of either 15 or 25% (wet basis). The moistened mixtures were then blended for an additional 20 minutes followed by overnight equilibration at room temperature in air-tight bags. 

Materials. Granular Globe Pearl corn starch (Globe 3005 water content about 10%) was from CPC International. Acrylonitrile (Eastman practical grade) was fractionated at atmospheric pressure through a 15-in. Vigreux column, and a center cut was collected. Ceric ammonium nitrate was Fisher certified ACS grade. PAN homopolymer was Polymeric Acrylonitrile Type A from DuPont. 

Other methods, alternative methods of producing lump-free CWS starch have been described. One employs heat-moisture treatment of a mixture of granular starch, a surfactant containing a fatty acid moiety and (optionally) a gum.214 A process for making a corn starch product giving a uniform viscous dispersion when added to boiling water employs heating a mixture of starch, surfactant and water, followed by microwave radiation.215 Compositions that gel at low solids concentrations were prepared by complexation of starches of moderate (20-30%) amylose content with emulsifiers.216... 

Corn starch for use in an enzymic conversion process should not contain more than 0.4% protein. In some cases modified starches, such as starch ethers, are used as feedstock. Higher product cost is balanced by the substantial reduction of retrograda-tion in products thus obtained. The feedstock has to be buffered in order to reach the required pH level for optimum enzyme activity in the process water of the paper mill. Additional adjustments may be required at the mill site when filtered surface water, which varies with the seasons, is used. Calcium salts for improved heat stability of the enzyme are added by the starch supplier or the paper mill. Further addition of sodium chloride will promote enzyme activity, and urea will broaden the critical pH range. Starch preservatives have to be added after the enzyme has been inactivated. 

The total energy savings for the textile Industry may be projected on the basis of a total annual consumption of 150 million kg (300 million lb) of corn starch and 1.5 billion kg (3 billion lb) of heated water. Energy savings could amount to approximately 2 billion kWh. 

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