Corn starch oxidation

FIGURE 2.22 (a) Impedance spectra for symmetrical cells prepared without (square) and with (circle) 40 vol% corn starch as pore former in 3% H20/H2 at 850°C. (From Primdahl, S. et al., Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, 99(19) 793-802, 1999. Reproduced by permission of ECS-The Electrochemical Society.) (b) Influence of anode support porosity on the performance of cells at 800°C. (From Zhao, F. and Virkar, A.V., J. Power Sources, 141 79-95, 2005. Copyright by Elsevier, reproduced with permission.)... 

The first thing you need is an adsorbant, a porous material that can suck up liquids and solutions. Paper, silica gel, alumina (ultrafine aluminum oxide), corn starch and kitty litter (unused) are all fine adsorbants. Only the first three are used for chromatography. You may or may not need a solid support with these. Paper hangs together, is fairly stiff, and can stand up by itself. Silica gel, alumina, corn starch, and kitty litter are more or less powders and will need a solid support to hold them. 

Of the myriad of modified starch systems tested, ranging from simple enzymically dextrinized starches to covalently attached amino acids and peptides onto dextrinized and/or oxidized (hypochlorite or periodate) corn starch bases, two polymers were selected as holding promise. The first system was a low dextrose equivalent (DE 5.7) enzyme-modified corn starch. The second starch-based polymer developed was a periodate-oxidized, amylase-dextrinized, covalently-attached phenylalanine glycoamine. 

Oxidized Starch Production Methods. Multiple methodologies were utilized to produce the corn starch products of hypochlorite and periodate oxidation. Ultimately only three of these procedures were selected as yielding functional product and will, therefore, be the only methods to be outlined here. 

Dextrose Equivalency. Corn starch dextrose equivalent values (de) were usedto measure the carbonyl groups present in both dialdehyde, oxidized starch production and the production of dextrinized starches (26). 

Titratable Acidity. The possibility of carboxylic acid group generation from excessive oxidation of corn starch was monitored by titratable acidity (TA). A 0.01 N NaOH solution was used to titrate a dilute aqueous starch suspension (20 mL of a 5% w/v sample) for the presence of acidic functional groups, using phenolphthalein as the indicator dye. An unreacted starch sample was also titrated to yield a sample blank value. TA values were expressed as mL of base required to reach the colorimetric phenolphthalein and end-point. 

Following preliminary hypochlorite treatments, a coherent process path was identified and implemented. Corn starch was oxidized with 6.4% (w/w) hypochlorite for two hours and given a combined base-heat gelatinization process (Method A). This base material exhibited excellent physical characteristics (i.e., stable emulsion with 20% db lemon oil incorporation into an aqueous dispersion, low lemon oil vapor phase flux (low headspace content), lack of inherent flavor and aroma) and when finally tested for spray dried lemon oil (20% db) retention efficiency in a lab-scale mini-dryer, the viability of this polymer was ascertained. Nearly 70% of the added lemon oil was retained following the drying of this DE 1.45 starch, a measure of functionality matched only by gum arabic (34). 

Cadmium oxide, calcined dolomite, calcium chloride, calcium oxide, carbomethylcellulose (CMC), carbonates, catalysts, cellulose acetate, ceramics, charcoal, clay, coal, cocoa powder, coffee powder, coke, copper, corn starch... 

Lactose monohydrate, corn starch, modified starch, povidone 25000, magnesium stearate, HPMC, Macrogol 6000, talc, titanium dioxide, ferric oxide pigment, yellow NF... 

Starch—different kinds (potato, corn, and wheat starches) and many kinds of chemically modified starches (oxidized starches, phosphated distarch phosphate, etc.)... 

Oxidized corn starch may contain AOX materials from the chlorination of associated lipids. Avoidance of AOX discharges in paper mill effluents is an environmental priority.300... 

These dressings are sheets of three-dimensional networks of cross-linked hydrophilic polymers (polyethylene oxide, polyacrylamides, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, modified corn starch). Their formulation may incorporate up to 96% bound water, but they are insoluble in water and they interact by three-dimensional swelling with aqueous solutions. The polymer physically entraps water to form a solid sheet and they have a thermal capacity that provides initial cooling to the wound surface. A secondary dressing is required. 

Chem. Descrip. Oxidized corn starch CAS 9005-25-8 EiNECS/ELiNCS 232-679-6 Uses Component ot uncoated or coated food-contact surf, of paper and paperboard... 

Cocodimonium hydroxypropyl hydrolyzed collagen Cocodimonium hydroxypropyl hydrolyzed hair keratin Cocodimonium hydroxypropyl hydrolyzed keratin Cocodimonium hydroxypropyl hydrolyzed rice protein Cocodimonium hydroxypropyl hydrolyzed silk Cocodimonium hydroxypropyl hydrolyzed soy protein Cocodimonium hydroxypropyl hydrolyzed wheat protein Cocodimonium hydroxypropyl silk amino acids Coco-ethyidimonium ethosulfate Coco-hydroxysultaine Coco-morpholine oxide Coco/oleamidopropyl betaine Cocotrimonium chloride Cocoyl benzyl hydroxyethyl imidazolinium chloride Cocoyl hydrolyzed collagen Cocoyl hydrolyzed keratin Cocoyl hydrolyzed soy protein Cocoyl polyglyceryl-4 hydroxypropyl dihydroxyethylamine Com (Zea mays) oil Corn starch/acrylamide/sodium acrylate copolymer Cyclomethicone L-Cysteine L-Cystine DEA-lauraminopropionate DEA-oleth-3 phosphate DEA-oleth-10 phosphate Decarboxy carnosine HCI Decylamine oxide Decyl betaine Dibehenyidimonium chloride Dibehenyldimonium methosulfate Dibehenyl methylamine... 

Qass I consists of electrically active dust for which, when precipitated, the adhesive forces are greater than the autohesive forces, so that there is no aggregation of particles. Such dusts include roasted zinc silicate and zinc oxide, finished cement, converter soot, zinc oxide, corn starch, ball clay, and diatomaceous earth after hot caustic treatment. 

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