Cordless appliances

Nickel-cadmium sealed cells are now a commercially important consumer product. They find use, both as button and cylindrical cells, in portable cordless appliances such as power tools, electric razors and photoflash apparatus, and increasingly in hybrid mains/battery equipment such as portable tape recorders, radios and television receivers. Many of these cells are readily interchangeable with primary batteries. In recent years, advances in design have increased recharge rates cylindrical cells with sintered electrodes can now be fast charged from full discharge at up to the C/l rate of 80% of capacity. 

Brodd. R. J. Batteries for Cordless Appliances, John Wiley Sons, Inc., New York. 

In the early 1990s it is estimated ihai nearly 300 million nickel-cadmium batteries were sold in the United States. A large percentage of these were embedded in a variety of cordless appliances, such as power tools, small vacuum cleaners, and even toothbrushes. It was recently estimated that nearly 2.000 tons of cadmium appeared in the industrial waste stream as the result of equipment junked" during the mid-1980s. Legislation... 

The rechargeable nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cad) batteries are used in a variety of cordless appliances such as telephones, battery operated tools, and portable computers. During discharge, cadmium metal (Cd) acts as the anode, and nickel dioxide (Ni02) as the cathode. Both metals form insoluble hydroxides due to the presence of the potassium hydroxide electrolyte. The cell reaction during discharge is... 

Cordless Appliance Appliance that operates without electrical cords, including a large number of devices, such as television controllers, cordless computer mice, and cordless phones. 

The only requirement for a disposal of small electrical waste appliances is that appliances may be shredded only if the components containing particularly hazardous substances have previously been removed. In the case of small cordless electrical appliances, the greater part of the hazardous substances can be eliminated by a prior removal of batteries and accumulators. 

Floppy disk driver Telephone/cellular Consumer electric Head phone Spindle motor Floppy disk drive Optical disk drive Small appliance High Tech kitchen appliance Cordless power tool... 

Nicad batteries are used in a large variety of appliances, including compact disc players, cell phones, pocket recorders, handheld power tools, cordless telephones, laptop computers, camcorders, and scanner radios. A few automobile manufacturers have explored the possibility of using nicad batteries in electric cars. For example, the Mitsubishi Corporation of Japan built and marketed an experimental car called the Libro EV that operated on either traditional lead batteries or on nicad batteries. 

Some rechargeable direct fuel cells using organic hydrides will be available in the near future to miniaturize the fuel cells for mobile phones and laptop computers, cordless domestic electrical appliances, nursing robots and even cars. These could work for many hours and be recharged using off-peak household electricity and sustainable wind /solar power. 

NiCd consumer cells are small, sealed-cell batteries, which are most familiar to consumers, are rechargeable battery power packs for cordless drills, cellular and cordless phones, camcorders, household appliances, and battery-operated toys. The batteries in power packs are typically contained in a plastic case, which must be removed prior to cadmium extraction. The plastic is removed in a two-step process including INMETCO s patented rotary thermal oxidizer. In this process, the plastic, paper, and moisture are removed without fuming off cadmium. 

Rechargeable nickel cadmium (Ni-Cd) batteries possess attributes that make them ideal for powering portable appliances such as cellular and cordless telephones, portable household appliances, and power tools. Since their mass-market introduction in the mid-1980s, they have achieved wide consumer acceptance in all member states of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). The 29 states are listed in the Appendix. 

A backup lead-acid battery system, unlike a standby battery system, normally does not have the function of automatic outage detection. With a backup power system, when utility power fails, the user usually must start the battery system manually by connecting extension cords directly from the backup battery to the appliance to be powered. Note that all of the battery systems discussed in the standby power applications section can be used as backup systems. In addition, there are several other small-scale applications such as engine starting for portable generators, cable TV applications, cordless power tools, portable printers, battery-powered camping equipment, handheld home devices such as vacuums and razors, and medical equipment. 

Eveready sealed secondary nickel-cadmium cells and batteries are now widely used as a rechargeable power source in many different types of portable or cordless ele trical appliance. Charging at the safe recommended C/10 ratd has proved satisfactory for recharging the cells or batteries used in many of these appliances, such as toothbrushes, shavers, etc., where relatively long rest periods between uses are possible. However, there is now a demand for the use of sealed nickel-cadmium cells and batteries in other applianees, such as chain saws, electronic flashes, portable drills and professional hair elippers, where the rest periods between uses of the applianees are mueh shorter eonsequently shorter reeharging times, from about 3h to about 1 h, that is, C/3 to C/1 rates, are required. 

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