Cord adhesion

Nltropropane. As much as 9100 t of 2-nitropropane once were consumed for use in coatings annually. Concern about toxicity and a general movement to low volatile organic compound (VOC) coatings have resulted in almost the complete disappearance of this use for 2-nitropropane. However, derivatives such as 2-meth5l-2-nitro-l-propanol (used in tire cord adhesive) and 2-amino-2-methyl-l-propanol (a pigment dispersant and buffer), have served as an outlet for 2-nitropropane production. 

Where resorcinol adhesives are not suitable, resins can be prepared from modified resorcinol [128], Characteristic of these types of resins arc those used for tyre cord adhesives, in which a pure resorcinol-formaldehyde resin is used, or alternatively, alkyl resorcinol or oil-soluble resins suitable for rubber compounding are obtained by prereaction of resorcinol with fatty acids in the presence of sulfuric acid at high temperature followed by reaction with formaldehyde. Worldwide more than 90% of resorcinol adhesives are used as cold-setting wood adhesives. The other most notable application is as tyre cord adhesives, which constitutes less than 5% of the total use. 

Both static and dynamic tests are employed to evaluate the adhesion strength of cord-mbber composites. The major static tests used in tire industry are H-adhesion, 90/180° peel test, tire cord adhesion test (TCAT) and co-axial shear pull-out test (CSPT). Although these methods are... 

FIGURE 12.20 Tire cord adhesion test specimens and scan area of fracture surfaces. (From Chandra, A.K., Mukhopadhyay, R., and Bhowmick, A.K., Polym. Test., 15, 13, 1996. With permission.)... 

Ellul, M.D. and Emerson, R.J. (1988a). A new pull-out test for tire cord adhesion-Part I, Hot bonding. Rubber Chem. Technol. 61, 293-308. 

N326 82 72 Tire carcasses, steel cord adhesion compounds, mechanical rubber goods... 

Pullout Tests. The method to determine the adhesion between the dipped cords and the SBR vulcanizate was the tire cord adhesion test (L/,75), Figure 1. Here, two cords are embedded (to a depth of 10 mm) into opposite ends of a rubber block (76 mm x 13 mm x 6.4 mm). Samples are then cured 23 min at 155 °C and allowed to rest 1 day. Bond strengths are determined by clamping the two free cord ends in an Instron and pulling at the rate of 50 mm/min. 

The polymers can function as tire-cord adhesives or as metal-to-metal adhesives. 

The adhesive properties, coupled with the fact that monomer I was shown to be a vulcanizing agent for rubber (15), indicated that the polymer might make a suitable tire-cord adhesive. The data in Table III demonstrate the adhesive properties of the polymer, which may be data and R. Kindle for the adhesion data. Irradiation work was done by D. I. Relyea at the Uniroyal Reseach Center in Wayne, N. J. 

NB. [Angus] 2-Nitro-l-butanol chemical and pharmaceutical intermediate, in tire cord adhesives, as formaldehyde release agents, deodorant antimicrobials. 

PHocwd . [Goodyear] Vinyl pyridine-styrene-butadiene latex u for cord adhesion in tues, conv or belts, hose. 

AI3-02258 EINECS 200-957-6 HSDB 5213 2-Methyl-2-nitropropanol 2-Methyl-2-nitropropan-1-ol 2-Methyl-2-nitro-1-propanol 2-Nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol 2-Nitro-2-methylpropanol NMP NMP Cone, NSC 17676 1-Propanol, 2-methyl-2-nltro-, Chemical and pharm-aceutioal intermediate, in tire cord adhesives, as formaldehyde release agents, deodorants, antimicrobials. Chemical intermediate, formaldehyde donor, textile reactant reduces formaldehyde on finished cloth. Solid mp = 89.5° bp ° = 94° Xm = 278 nm (MeOH) slightly soluble in H2O, soluble in organic solvents. Sigma-Aldrich Fine Chem. Whittaker dark Daniels. 

This study was undertaken to see if improved tire cord adhesive systems could be developed using poly (DHA-co-4VP) and/or poly(DHA-co-NVP) materials. Since these copolymer systems were new and since previously published Q and e values for DHA (8), 4VP (9), and NVP (10) suggested poor copolymerizability between the monomer sets, a detailed copolymerization study of these monomer pairs was needed. In summary, this study was initiated to determine copolymerization characteristics, i.e. reactivity ratios, of DHA-co-4VP and DHA-co-NVP, to characterize briefly some of the physical and chemical properties of the resultant materials, and to evaluate select copolymers in tire cord adhesive systems. 

Table VIII. Quaternized DHA-4VP Copolymers in Polyester Cord Adhesives...

One of the main points of debate w ith the above methods is the stress distribution due to gripping the rubber block. Nicholson ct al. [41.42] used a test with two cords embedded in the block of rubber and avoided holding the block in one grip of the testing machine. Further analysis was made by Brodsky [43], who used three cords. Ellul and Emerson [44.45] used cords embedded in steel enclosed rubber cylinders with alternatively hot and cold bonding. Ridha et al. [46] have calculated the stress fields in tire cord adhesion test pieces, and Mollet [47] has compared the various methods. 

The use of EPDM rubbers for the manufacture of automobile and truck tires has not been successful, mainly because of poor tire cord adhesion and poor compatibility with most other rubbers. However, EPDM rubbers have become widely accepted as a moderately heat-resisting material with good weathering, oxygen, and ozone resistance. They find extensive use in nontire automobile applications, including body and chassis parts, car bumpers, radiator and heater hoses, weatherstrips, seals, and mats. Other applications include wire and cable insulation, appliance parts, hoses, gaskets and seals, and coated fabrics. 

Ethylene-propylene Outstanding resistance to oxygen and ozone, poor fatigue resistance, poor tire-cord adhesion Nontire automotive parts, radiator and heater hoses, wire and cable insulation... 

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