Copper sulfate solubility

A Methylamino)phenol. This derivative, also named 4-hydroxy-/V-methy1ani1ine (19), forms needles from benzene which are slightly soluble in ethanol andinsoluble in diethyl ether. Industrial synthesis involves decarboxylation of A/-(4-hydroxyphenyl)glycine [122-87-2] at elevated temperature in such solvents as chlorobenzene—cyclohexanone (184,185). It also can be prepared by the methylation of 4-aminophenol, or from methylamiae [74-89-5] by heating with 4-chlorophenol [106-48-9] and copper sulfate at 135°C in aqueous solution, or with hydroquinone [123-31 -9] 2l. 200—250°C in alcohoHc solution (186). 

Fig. 1. Aqueous solubility of copper ia copper sulfate as a function of sulfuric acid concentration at various temperatures. Reprinted with permission (37).

The flotation of sphalerite, the sulfidic mineral source of zinc, is next considered as an example to illustrate the role of activators. This mineral is not satisfactorily floated solely by the addition of the xanthate collector. This is due to the fact that the collector products formed, such as zinc xanthate, are soluble in water, and so do not furnish a hydrophobic film around the mineral particles. It is necessary to add copper sulfate which acts as an... 

As examples of some water-soluble salts, mention may be made of potassium chloride, copper sulfate, and sodium vanadate. As examples of some water-insoluble salts, mention may be made of some typical ones such as lead chloride, silver chloride, lead sulfate, and calcium sulfate. The solubilities of most salts increases with increasing temperature. Some salts possess solubilities that vary very little with temperature or even decline. An interesting example is provided by ferrous sulfate, the water solubility of which increases as temperature is raised from room temperature, remains fairly constant between 57 and 67 °C, and decreases at higher temperatures to below 12 g l-1 at 120 °C. Table 5.2 presents the different types of dissolution reactions in aqueous solutions, and Table 5.3 in an indicative way presents the wide and varied types of raw materials that different leaching systems treat. It will be relevant to have a look at Table 5.4 which captures some of the essential and desirable features for a successful leaching system. 

Chemical process having the characteristic basing on displacement involves, for example, dissolution of a sulfidic substance in a solution holding a metal ion that yields a less-soluble sulfidic substance. The dissolution of zinc sulfide in copper sulfate solution is a worthwhile example that can be taken in the present context. In analyzing the reaction, reference first is drawn to the final reaction as shown below ... 

Figure 10.19b shows the equilibrium solubility of various salts in water. Usually, the solubility increases as temperature increases. The solubility of copper sulfate increases significantly with increasing temperature. The solubility of sodium chloride increases with increasing temperature, but... 

The solubility of hydrated copper sulfate (CuS04 5H20) provides a simple example of how the solubility of a compound can be manipulated. CuS04 5H20 itself is very soluble in water, exhibiting an equilibrium solubility of 207 mg/ml at 20°C [44]. This high solubility is due to the dissociation of copper sulfate into its component ions upon dissolution into an aqueous solution ... 

The slow addition of aqueous ammonia solution to an aqueous copper sulfate solution causes an immediate effect on the solubility, since essentially all the Cu2+ ion is consumed by the hydroxide ion of the added reagent, forming in the process a product of very low solubility ... 

Ivan, M. and D.M. Veira. 1985. Effects of copper sulfate supplement on growth, tissue concentration, and ruminal solubilities of molybdenum and copper in sheep fed low and high molybdenum diets. Jour. Dairy Sci. 68 891-896. 

Copper(l) iodide is prepared by heating copper with iodine and concentrate hydriodic acid, HI. Another preparation route is precipitation of the salt by mixing aqueous solutions of potassium or sodium iodide with copper sulfate or any soluble copper(ll) salt ... 

Cyanamide, colorless crystals, m.p. 40°, is readily soluble in water, alcohol, and ether. An aqueous solution of cyanamide gives a black precipitate of copper cyanamide with ammoniacal copper sulfate solution, and a yellow precipitate of silver cyanamide with ammoniacal silver nitrate. The precipitates are almost unique among the compounds of copper and silver in the respect that they are insoluble in ammonia water. 

J-Butyl Ether. -Butyl ether is prepared by dehydration of -butyl alcohol by sulfuric acid or by catalytic dehydration over ferric chloride, copper sulfate, silica, or alumina at high temperatures. It is an important solvent for Grignard reagents and other reactions that require an anhydrous, inert medium. /7-Butyl ether is also an excellent extracting agent for use with aqueous systems owing to its very low water-solubility. 

Copper sulfate (CuS04 5H20) occurs as deep blue crystals or granules that effloresce slowly in dry air it is freely soluble in water and in glycerin (1 3), slightly soluble in alcohol (1 500), the solutions being acidic and it is available in bulk. 

Copper Complexes. The preparation of copper and nickel complexes of tridentate metallizable azo and azomethine dyes is easily carried out in aqueous media with copper and nickel salts at pH 4-7 in the presence of buffering agents such as sodium acetate or amines. Sparingly water soluble precursors can be metallized in alkaline medium at up to pH 10 by using an alkali-soluble copper tetram(m)ine solution as coppering reagent, which is available by treating copper sulfate or chloride with an excess of ammonia or alkanolamines [3],... 

Lead acetate Potassium dichromate and concentrated sulfuric acid Sodium nitrite Copper sulfate Mercury (II) chloride Yellow precipitate of lead iodide soluble in excess hot water Liberation of iodine Liberation of iodine Brown mixed precipitate Scarlet precipitate of mercury (II) iodide... 

Silver nitrate Copper sulfate Pyrophosphates, P207 l White precipitate soluble in dilute nitric acid and in dilute acetic acid Pale blue precipitate... 

Soluble copper salts are extremely toxic both to higher plants and to the lower groups such as algae as well as to the fungi and bacteria that may attack them. The addition of lime to copper sulfate to precipitate a relatively insoluble basic copper sulfate provided among other properties an aqueous concentration of cupric ion sufficient to combat the fungi but insufficient to interfere with, except marginally, the normal metabolic processes of the plant. 

To isolate the new D-galactosan, Hann and Hudson converted the accompanying levogalactosan to its monoisopropylidene derivative by condensing the acetone-soluble portion of the pyrolysis sirup with acetone in the presence of anhydrous copper sulfate. After concentration of the reaction solution the bulk of the 3,4-isopropylidene-D-galactosan < 1,5 > /8-... 

Q O Copper can be recovered from scrap metal by adding sulfuric acid. Soluble copper sulfate is formed. The copper sulfate then reacts with metallic iron in a single displacement reaction. To simulate this reaction, a student places 1.942 g of iron wool in a beaker that contains 136.3 mL of 0.0750 mol/L aqueous copper(II) sulfate. What mass of copper is formed ... 

Although copper sulfate aftertreatments are designed mainly to enhance lightfastness, the reduction in water solubility that accompanies Cu-complex formation can have a beneficial effect on washfastness. This treatment also dulls the fabric shade and causes a shift in dye color, so that the resultant color must be the one the dyer is seeking. 

Copper Sulfate occurs as blue crystals, crystalline granules, or powder. It effloresces slowly in dry air and is freely soluble in water, soluble in glycerin, and slightly soluble in alcohol. 

Ioffe and Sorokin (1954) investigated a novel procedure for the hydrolysis of elastin using copper sulfate and 0.4 N barium hydroxide at 37°C for 60 hr. The first product of hydrolysis was a protein which resembled a-elastin in that it showed reversible coacervation on raising the temperature. This substance was subsequently degraded further to yield a soluble fraction and a fraction containing peptides. Alkaline hydrolysis was much more rapid in the presence than in the absence of copper ion. 

When you stop shaking, the two layers should separate again, but this time the mineral oil layer should appear violet. Tincture of iodine contains both I and 1 but mostly a complex of the two, which is brown. The copper ions in the copper sulfate oxidize 1 to the molecular form 1, which ruins the complex. The molecule Ij is violet and soluble in oils such as mineral oil. ... 

Similarly, if you add sodium hydroxide solution to copper sulfate solution, you get a precipitate of copper hydroxide, which is insoluble. (The only common soluble hydroxides are sodium, potassium and, to a slight extent, calcium.)... 

---