Copper sulfate, naming

A Methylamino)phenol. This derivative, also named 4-hydroxy-/V-methy1ani1ine (19), forms needles from benzene which are slightly soluble in ethanol andinsoluble in diethyl ether. Industrial synthesis involves decarboxylation of A/-(4-hydroxyphenyl)glycine [122-87-2] at elevated temperature in such solvents as chlorobenzene—cyclohexanone (184,185). It also can be prepared by the methylation of 4-aminophenol, or from methylamiae [74-89-5] by heating with 4-chlorophenol [106-48-9] and copper sulfate at 135°C in aqueous solution, or with hydroquinone [123-31 -9] 2l. 200—250°C in alcohoHc solution (186). 

Ionic compounds often separate from water solution with molecules of water incorporated into the solid. Such compounds are referred to as hydrates. An example is hydrated copper sulfate, which contains five moles of H20 for every mole of CuS04. Its formula is CuS04- 5H20 a dot is used to separate the formulas of the two compounds CuS04 and H20. A Greek prefix is used to show the number of moles of water the systematic name of CuS04- 5H20 is copper(ll) sulfate pentahydrate. 

The Daniell cell is named after its inventor, the English chemist John Frederic Daniell (1790-1845). In the photograph shown here, the zinc sulfate solution is placed inside a porous cup, which is placed in a larger container of copper sulfate solution. The cup acts as the porous barrier. 

Chemical names ending in "-ide" usually refer to compounds containing only the substances named. Thus silver sulfide consists of just silver and sulfur. The ending "-ate" as in copper sulfate, means that in addition to copper and sulfur, oxygen has to be one of the ingredients. 

Less sensitive but very simple and precise is measurement of the light absorption around 280 nm. This is discussed in the main text in Section D,6. For a typical protein an absorbance of 1.0 at 280 nm corresponds to a protein concentration of 1 mg / ml.h The very old biuret method is also useful for samples containing 1-10 mg / ml of protein. The violet color that arises upon addition of copper sulfate to an alkaline solution of a peptide or protein is recorded at 540-560 nm.h The color is especially intense for longer polypeptides. The name of the method arises from the fact that biuret gives a similar color1 (see also Eq. 6-85). 

To a medium having a composition of 6.4 % of millet jelly, 0.5 % of glucose, 3.5 % of soybean powder, 0.75 % of corn steep liquor, 0.3 % of sodium chloride, 0.1 % of potassium secondary phosphate, 0.05 % of zinc sulfate, 0.01 % of copper sulfate, 0.2 % of sodium nitrate and 0.01 % of Toho No. 1 (trade name for a surface active agent composed of polyoxyethylene manufactured by Toho Chemical Industry Co. Ltd., Japan) was added 3-amino-propyl-dimethylsulfonium bromide hydrobromate in a proportion of 0.4 mg/ml to adjust the pH of the medium to 6.5. 

Nitric acid is an active compound and its salts, the nitrates, are found in all fertile soils. The alchemists obtained nitric acid by heating alum and copper sulfate with nitrate in a retort. Owing to its powerful corrosive action, they named it aqua fortis or strong water. 7 It is also known as azotic acid, hydrogen nitrate and nitryl hydroxide. 

Biuret Test. Compounds containing two or more peptide bonds (e.g., proteins) take on a characteristic purple color when treated with dilute copper sulfate in alkaline solution. The name of the test comes from the compound biuret, which gives a typically positive reaction. The color is apparently caused by the coordination complex of the copper atom and four nitrogen atoms, two from each of two peptide chains (Fig. II-5). The biuret test is fairly reproducible for any protein, but it requires relatively large amounts of protein (1 to 20 mg) for color formation. Because of its low sensitivity, the biuret assay is no longer widely used. 

A mass of 2.50 g of blue, hydrated copper sulfate (CUSO4XH2O) is placed in a crucible and heated. After heating, 1.59 g white anhydrous copper sulfate (CUSO4) remains. What is the formula for the hydrate Name the hydrate. 

From optics we know that diffraction only occurs if the wavelength is comparable to the separation of the scatterers. In 1912, Friedrich, Knipping and Max von Laue performed the first X-ray diffraction experiment using single crystals of copper sulfate and zinc sulfite, proving the hypothesis that X-rays are em-waves of very short wavelength, on the order of the separation of the atoms in a crystalline lattice. Four years later (1916), Debye and Scherrer reported the first powder diffraction pattern with a procedure that is named after them. 

Some students misconceptions (see Fig. 9.6) show that solid white copper sulfate is described without the involved ions. The name of copper sulfate pentahydrate makes many students think of the coordination number 5 -although in lectures they have all heard about the octahedral coordination of the copper ion (see Fig. 9.2). Some don t even take into account the coordinated copper ion but only of CuS04 groups surrounded each by 5 I IzO molecules. The blue solution is mostly described by ion symbols - but only four students out of 60 have model images concerning complexes either with the coordination 6 (see Fig. 9.2) or with the coordination 4. Therefore, we will discuss the way in which the students should be taught and should learn coordination chemistry in their lectures (see Sect. 9.2). 

Just because a httle copper is necessary for life doesn t mean that more is better. Indeed, since it can displace iron and zinc from critical enzymes, copper can be toxic. In theory, as little as thirty grams of copper sulfate could be lethal, although one would start vomiting before one could ingest such an amount. Incidentally, copper s name derives from the Roman name Cuprum, for Cyprus. This island was a rich source of the metal for the Roman Empire. 

Bordeaux mixture This gets its name from its early use to protect grapevines in the wine region of Bordeaux, France. Specifically it s used to kill fungal material from plants such as fruit trees and vines. It s made of equal portions copper sulfate (CuSO ) and calcium oxide (CaO) or slaked lime (Ca(OH)2). 

The formula of a compound should give as much as possible of the information known about its composition and structure. The formula of benzene is written CeH, , not CH it is known that the benzene molecule contains six carbon atoms and six hydrogen atoms. The formula of crystalline copper sulfate pentahydrate is written CuS0 (H20)5 or CuSO.1 5H2O, to show that it contains the sulfate group SO and that five molecules of water are easily removed the name also reflects these facts. 

Copper sulfate, which has the common names blue vitriol and bluestone, is used in copper plating, in printing calico, in electric cells, and in the manufacture of other compounds of copper. 

Synonym, variant or common name See copper sulfates group. 

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