Copper spectrophotometric determination

Citron IM, Allan M (1964) Spectrophotometric determination of primary amines in aqueous solution with copper-(ethylenedinitrilo) tetraacetic acid. Anal Chem 36(1) 208-210... 

Dalzin (bis(allylthiocarbamido)hydrazine) forms sparingly soluble complexes (29) in which it is bonded through sulfur and nitrogen atoms (Section 10.2.7) but the bright orange-red bismuth complex can be extracted into chloroform for a spectrophotometric determination provided cyanide is present to mask copper. 1,4-Diphenylthiosemicarbazide PhNHNC(SH)NHPh can be used for the spectrophotometric determination of ruthenium after extraction of its violet-red complex into chloroform. 

Kakita, Y., M. Namiki, and H. Gotd Spectrophotometric Determination of Ultramicro Amounts of Copper. Talanta 13, 1561 (1966). 

Table 23. Atomic absorption spectrophotometric determination of copper content for wild-type and mutant tyrosinases from A. oryzae expressed in E. coli...

Schiff bases derived from an aminopyridine and an aromatic aldehyde find use in the spectrophotometric determination of metal ions. For example, iV,iV -bis(salicylidene)-2,3-pyridinediamine 23 has been used in the determination of copper(ll) ions. An advantage of Schiff bases derived from aminopyridines as analytical reagents lies in the simplicity of their preparative procedures <2000CCA81>. 

Burke and Yoe (8) described the simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of cobalt and nickel in acidic ethanol. An analogous procedure in acidic dimethylformamide (DMF) was described by Ayers and Annand (3). By simultaneously solving Beer s law equations, the concentration of each metal can be determined (Eqs. 1 and 2). In general, the results of these two methods were similar. However, Burke and Yoe (8) found that iron and copper interfered with the measurement while Ayers and Annand (3) found interference from manganese. 

Bama, R. K., Baishya, N. K. Spectrophotometric determination of lead, copper, and bismuth in a mixture after separation by paper-chromatography, Current Sci. (India) 37, 434 (1968) Ref. C. A. 92 657v (1968)... 

Another spectrophotometric determination of salicylic acid in pharmaceutical formulations using copper acetate as a color developer. Different vol. of salicylic acid solution (10 mg/ml) were mixed with an equal vol. of copper acetate solution and made up to 10 ml with Na acetate acetic acid buffer (pH 5.6 to 6.0). The absorbance of the stable, yellowish-green complex was measured within 30 h at 730 nm (24). 

The separation of copper by extraction is usually connected with spectrophotometric determination with the use of dithizone, dithiocarbamates, cuproine and related compounds, as well as other reagents. Sometimes copper is first preconcentrated by extraction as the dithizonate or dithiocarbamate before its determination by other methods [1-3]. Crown ethers [ 1 ] and porphyrin compounds [2] have also been used for extracting Cu(II). 

The addition of an aqueous solution of sodium diethyidithiocarbamate (Na-DDTC, cupral) (formula, 4.40) to a solution (at pH 4-11) containing small amounts of copper(II) ions produces a yellow-brown colour owing to a colloidal suspension of the sparingly-soluble copper 1 2 chelate with DDTC. The reagent co-ordinates with copper through the two sulphur atoms to form a chelate with four-membered rings, which is a rather rare configuration. Protective colloids (e.g., gum arabic) stabilize the pseudo-solution, and permit the spectrophotometric determination of copper. Cu (11) has been determined in aqueous solutions in the presence of surfactants [17],... 

Hoste et al. [26] have thoroughly investigated the conditions for the extractive spectrophotometric determination of copper with cuproine. Amyl alcohols and n-hexanol are most suitable for the extraction of the Cu complex from aqueous solutions. A reducing agent (usually NH2OH.HCI), is added to the sample solution, the pH is adjusted to the optimum range of 4-7, and the sample shaken with a colourless isoamyl alcohol solution of cuproine. 

The methods described in detail in Section 36.2, or only mentioned, have been used as follows for spectrophotometric determination of palladium the thio-Michler s ketone — in silver, copper, and anodic slime [32], in catalysts [31] with thiosemicarbazide derivatives — in water [44] and alloys [46] with palladium-carbon powder — with a-benzilmonoxime [48] with PAR — in catalysts and ores [58] with thiazolylazo derivatives — in Ni-Al catalysts [63] with 5-Br-PADAP — in titanium alloys with pyridylazo derivatives - in nickel alloys [68] with sulphonitrophenol - in silver alloys [70] with Arsenazo III — in iron and meteorites and with Palladiazo — in catalysts, minerals, silica gel, and calcium carbonate [78]. 

Attempts to improve selectivity and sensitivity of spectrophotometric measurements by using new chromogenic reagents, e.g. of 2-(5-nitro-2-pyridylazo)-5-(A -propyl-A-sulfopropylamino)phenol for flow-injection-spectrophotometric determination of trace V in river water [3], Af-butyl-A -(sodium p-amino benzenesulfonate) thiourea to determine Pd in minerals and catalysts [4], benzeneacetaldehyde-4-hydroxy-oxo-aldoxime to determine Co in pharmaceuticals, biological materials and steels [5], 2,6-dichloroarsenazo for the determination of Bi in copper alloys [6], lV-undecyl-A-(sodium p-aminobenzenesulfonate)-thiourea to identify and determine Cu in alloy, liver and wheat [7], dimethoxyhydroxyphenylflurone for the determination of trace amounts of Mo in steel and pure iron [8] and 5-(6-methoxy-2-benzothiazole-azo)-8-aminoquinoline for the detection of Co in drainage sediment and Ni in A1 alloy [9] have recently been reported. 

P5. Peterson, R. E., and Bollier, M, E., Spectrophotometric determination of serum copper with bis-cyclohexanoneoxalyldihydrazone. Anal. Chem. 27,1195-1197 (1955). 

Rll. Rice, E. W., Spectrophotometric determination of serum copper with oxalyldi-hydrazide. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 66, 325-328 (1960). 

Besada A. Analytical use of copper(II)-neocuproine in the spectrophotometric determination of hydrazines. Andytical Letters 21 1917-1925. 

Alternatively, the sample can be inserted twice and only one of the established zones merges with the specific reagent used for discriminating purposes, as demonstrated by the spectrophotometric determination of zinc and copper in serum [21],... 

C.C. Oliveira, R.P. Sartini, B.F. Reis, E.A.G. Zagatto, Multicommutation in flow analysis. Part 4. Computer assisted splitting for spectrophotometric determination of copper and zinc in plants, Anal. Chim. Acta 332 (1996) 173. 

A chamber is a useful manifold component in some applications, e.g., the spectrophotometric determination of copper with APDC (ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate) involving the production of the Cu-APDC complex and extraction into chloroform [189]. A dual-channel dropping segmentor was used for the dropwise addition of segments of the sample and reagent solutions into an unsegmented flow of organic solvent. 

R. Kuroda, T. Mochizuki, Continuous spectrophotometric determination of copper, nickel and zinc in copper-base alloys by flow-injection analysis, Talanta 28... 

J.A. Gomes-Neto, A.P. Oliveira, G.P.G. Freshi, C.S. Dakuzaku, M. Moraes, Minimization of lead and copper interferences on spectrophotometric determination of cadmium using electrolytic deposition and ion-exchange in multi-commutation flow system, Talanta 53 (2000) 497. 

T. Blanco, N. Maniasso, M.F. Gine, A.O. Jacintho, Liquid-liquid extraction in flow injection analysis using an open-phase separator for the spectrophotometric determination of copper in plant digests, Analyst 123 (1998) 191. 

Spectrophotometric determination of the protein ceruloplasmin in blood serum. The determination of this protein has replaced the determination of copper in blood serum. 

R. Kuroda and T. Mochizuki, Continuous Spectrophotometric Determination of Copper, Nickel and Zinc in Copper-Base Alloys by Flow Injection Analysis. Talanta, 28 (1981) 389. 

R. M. Smith and T. G. Hurdley, Spectrophotometric Determination of Copper as a Dithiocarbamate by Flow Injection Analysis. Anal. Chim. Acta, 166(1984)271. 

A. T. Faizullah and A. Townshend, Spectrophotometric Determination of Copper by Flow Injection Analysis with an On-Line Reduction Column. Anal. Chim. Actay 172 (1985) 291. 

K. Ohshita, H. Wada, and G. Nagakawa, Synthesis of Bidentate Pyridylazo and Thiazolylazo Reagents and the Spectrophotometric Determination of Copper in a Flow-Injection System. Anal. Chim. Acta, 176 (1985) 41. 

In view of the strong colours of many of the biguanide complexes, these have been used as colorimetric reagents, e.g. the use of phenylbiguanide for spectrophotometric determination of Fe and CN ions. A polarographic study" of a bis(biguanide)copper(II) complex gives a kinetically controlled wave prior to a two-electron transfer, followed by a diffusion controlled second wave due to the reduction of bis species in solution. 

A spectrophotometric method for the determination of ampicillin involving initial benzoylation of the side chain a-amino group is described. a-Benzamidobenzylpenicillin so formed is treated with mercuric chloride in acid solution and a-benzamidobenzylpenicillenic acid is obtained. This may be assayed spectrophoto-metricallyl69, Ampicillin is degraded in a buffer solution at pH 5.2 at 75°C and the absorbance is measured at 320 nm. Smith s method for the spectrophotometric determination of ampicillin was adapted to the assay of ampicillin in chicken blood, bile and urine 3-Ampicillin is dissolved in 5N sodium hydroxide and the absorbance is measured at 279 nm 2, Ampicillin is determined spectrophotometrically as its copper complex S. Spectrophotometric and circular dichroism methods for determining the activity of ampicillin are described. A... 

Isildak L, Asan A. and Andac M. (1999) Spectrophotometric determination of copper(II) at low pg 1-1 levels using cationexchange microcolumn in flow-injection. Talanta, 48, 219- 224. 

It has been reported that y3-CD could improve the selectivity of the color reactions of various metal ions with triphenylmethane, xanthene acid dyes and some other coloring reagents. The effect of fi-CD on the association compound system of metal (Mo, Zn, Co)-thiocyanate basic dyes such as malachite green, crystal violet, rhodamine B, rhodamine 6G and butyhhodamine B, has been investigated and the result shows that /3-CD could contribute to a more sensitive and stable system which improve the solubility of the basic dyes and produce a favorable microenviromnent for the color reactions [63]. /3-CD could be employed to solubilize the 1,2-amino anthraquinone in water due to the formation of inclusion complex which acts as a ligand for metal ions could be used for the determination of palladium at trace levels by spectrophotometry. In the spectrophotometric determination of microamounts of Zn based on the Zn-dithizone color reaction, -CD could increase the apparent molar absorptivity at 538 nm by 8.37 times. In the presence of cr-CD, the determination sensitivity of copper in leaves based on the color reaction of Cu(II) and mesotetrakis (4-methoxy-3-sulfophenyl) porphyrin was enhanced by 50% in the spectrophotometric analysis [64,65]. 

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