Copper-antimony alloys

A copper-antimony alloy containing 95 weight% antimony is allowed to cool from 650°C to room temperature. Describe the different phase changes which take place as the alloy is cooled and make labelled sketches of the microstructure to illustrate your answer. 

Sketch a graph of temperature against time for a copper-antimony alloy containing 95 weight% antimony over the range 650°C to 500°C and account for the shape of your plot. 

Wiener, wienerisch, a. Vienna, Viennese. — Wiener Xtzpulver, Vienna paste, Vienna caustic. — Wiener Griin, Vienna green. — Wiener Kalk, Vienna hme, Vienna white. — Wiener Lack, Vienna lake. — Wiener Metall, Vienna metal (a white copper-antimony alloy). 

AHoy scrap containing tin is handled by secondary smelters as part of their production of primary metals and alloys lead refineries accept solder, tin drosses, babbitt, and type metal. This type of scrap is remelted, impurities such as iron, copper, antimony, and zinc are removed, and the scrap is returned to the market as binary or ternary alloy. The dross obtained by cleaning up the scrap metal is returned to the primary refining process. 

Antimony may be added to copper-base alloys such as naval brass. Admiralty Metal, and leaded Muntz metal in amounts of 0.02—0.10% to prevent dezincification. Additions of antimony to ductile iron in an amount of 50 ppm, preferably with some cerium, can make the graphite fliUy nodular to the center of thick castings and when added to gray cast iron in the amount of 0.05%, antimony acts as a powerflil carbide stabilizer with an improvement in both the wear resistance and thermal cycling properties (26) (see Carbides). 

Betts Electrolytic Process. The Betts process starts with lead bullion, which may carry tin, silver, gold, bismuth, copper, antimony, arsenic, selenium, teUurium, and other impurities, but should contain at least 90% lead (6,7). If more than 0.01% tin is present, it is usually removed from the bullion first by means of a tin-drossing operation (see Tin AND TIN ALLOYS, detinning). The lead bullion is cast as plates or anodes, and numerous anodes are set in parallel in each electrolytic ceU. Between the anodes, thin sheets of pure lead are hung from conductor bars to form the cathodes. Several ceUs are connected in series. 

Antimony (Sb), 3 41-56, 56. See also Group Ill-Sb system InAsSb alloy InSb photodiode detectors/arrays Lead-antimony alloys Low antimony lead alloys Stib- entries in babbitts, 24 797 catalyst poison, 5 257t chemical reactions, 3 42—44 in coal, 6 718 economic aspects, 3 47-48 effect of micro additions on silicon particles in Al-Si alloys, 2 311-312 effect on copper resistivity, 7 676t environmental concerns, 3 50 gallium compounds with, 12 360 health and safety factors, 3 51 in pewter, 24 798... 

Silver-aluminium alloy, 0002 Silvered copper, 0003 Sodimn-antimony alloy, 4797 Sodimn germanide, 4418 Sodium-zinc alloy, 4798 Titanium-zirconimn alloys, 4921 See also LANTHANIDE-TRANSITION METAL ALLOY HYDRIDES... 

Antimony alloys have many commercial applications. The metal makes its alloys hard and stiff and imparts resistance to corrosion. Such alloys are used in battery grids and parts, tank linings, pipes and pumps. The lead plates in the lead storage batteries constitute 94% lead and 6% antimony. Babbit metal, an alloy of antimony, tin, and copper is used to make antifriction machine bearings. Alloys made from very high purity grade antimony with indium, gallium and bismuth are used as infrared detectors, diodes, hall effect devices and thermoelectric coolers. 

Many tin alloys containing lead, copper, antimony, and bismuth were also in use in Marggrafs time. He mentioned three kinds of unalloyed tin first the Malaga, reputed to be the best, second the English, and third the Saxon and Bohemian (219). 

Bearing alloys -lead-antimony-tm [ANTIMONY AND ANTIMONY ALLOYS] (Vol 3) -tellunumm [TELLURIUMAND TELLURIUM COMPOUNDS] (Vol 23) -tin-antimony-copper [ANTIMONY AND ANTIMONY ALLOYS] (Vol 3)... 

Lead—tin alloys, 4877 Lead—zirconium alloys, 4878 Lithium—magnesium alloy, 4676 Lithium—tin alloys, 4677 Plutonium bismuthide, 0231 Potassium antimonide, 4668 Potassium—sodium alloy, 4641 Silicon—zirconium alloys, 4904 Silver—aluminium alloy, 0002 Silvered copper, 0003 Sodium germanide, 4412 Sodium—antimony alloy, 4791 Sodium—zinc alloy, 4792 Titanium—zirconium alloys, 4915... 

Pewter is a term applied to a wide range of alloys in which tin is the dominant metal, mixed with lead and sometimes copper, antimony, and/or zinc. Some pewter contains no lead at all, and is mostly tin and copper. Bronze is also an alloy of tin and copper, but it is predominantly copper. 

Q Britannia metal is harder than pewter. This tin-antimony alloy s properties can be varied by the addition of zinc, copper, lead, or bismuth. o When heat from a fire melts the Wood s metal plug in a sprinkler head, water that was held back by the plug is freed. 

Methods involving triphenylmethane dyes were applied in determination of antimony in air [74], water [44], silicates, plants, sewage and waste waters [25], copper-zinc and copper-nickel alloys [48], steel [50], lead [12], silver and gold [42], palladium [45], and tellurium [27]. Antimony was determined in duralumin alloys and steel with the use of Rhodamine 6G... 

Copper. For most antimonial alloys, this element does not have to be removed as alloys often specify the element. In calcium and soft-lead alloys, it is removed by the addition of sulfur (or iron pyrites/sulfur) to the bullion lead, as in the sulfur dressing process in primary refining. 

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