Conversions bidirectional

In a preliminary work by Corma et al. 42i it was shown that large-pore bidirectional zeolites H-Beta and H-Y were capable of achieving the glycosylation reaction between D-glucose and w-butanol with reasonable activity providing that the n-butanol/D-glucose molar ratio is higher than 20 (Table 7.3). The conversion is lower over small-pore H-Mordenite and HZSM-5 catalysts, for which catalysts the reaction may occur on the external surface. 

NADPH balances are often essential for metabolite balancing based estimations of the net fluxes in a metabolic network. However, NADPH consumption and generation are often found in bidirectional reactions that cannot be quantified by metabolite balancing approaches. The mannitol cycle (Fig. 9) is an example of a pathway that can affect the NADPH balance, but has no net conversion of any metabolites, except for cofactors. In the mannitol cycle, NADH and NADP+ are converted into NAD+ and NADPH, respectively, at the expense of ATP [52]. Because mannitol happens to be symmetrical, the activity of the mannitol cycle will cause scrambling of the carbon atoms of fructose 6-phosphate, and the activity of the cycle may therefore be identified using labeling analysis. The mannitol cycle has been reported to be present in several fungi [52]. 

With regard to the synthesis of the oligo-cyclo-propane natural product FR-900848 (1) multiple and consecutive cyclopropanation reactions using zinc carbenoids have been applied. Thus, in the total synthesis of 1 by Barrett et al. the Furu-kawa-procedure was used for the conversion of 52 into the biscyclopropane 53 (Scheme 11). [37] After bidirectional elongation of the molecule, another double cyclopropanation of diene 54 using Charette s catalyst gave tetracyclopro-pane 55 in 93 % yield as one stereoisomer only. Finally, the olefin 56 is cyclopropanated at -40 °C to yield the desired pentacyclopropane alcohol 57. Thus, all five cyclopropane rings of... 

Session Establishes bidirectional communication between applications using conversational techniques or dialogues. 

As with glucose transport, the Na -dependent carriers of the apical membrane of the intestinal epithelial cells are also present in the renal epithelium. However, different isozymes are present in the cell membranes of other tissues. Conversely, the facilitated tiansport carriers in the serosal membrane of the intestinal epithelia are similar to those found in other cell types in the body. During starvation, the intestinal epithelia, like these other cells, take up amino acids from the blood to use as an energy source. Thus, amino acid transport across the serosal membrane is bidirectional. 

The first solution-based, comproportionation-free, bidirectional OAT to be reported involved the inter-conversion of Tp MoO(K -S2PR2) (7 R = OMe, OEt) and Tp Mo02 K -SP(S)R2 (8) (eqn (7.3)). Similar transformations, involving the R = alkyl derivatives, were subsequently reported by Laugh-lin and Young. Indeed, a large number of scorpionate complexes exhibit... 

Galescu, L., and Allen, J. Name Pronunciation with a Joint N-Gram Model for Bidirectional Grapheme-to-Phoneme Conversion. Proc. ICSLP (2002), 109-112. 

In fact, suitable interfaces are necessary for software communication, since the disciplines involved use different applications. Besides, neutral data formats such as STEP AP 214 (ISO 10303) are required due to the fact that the different software components involved often create proprietary file formats. A neutral file format can ease information exchange between many applications, because it helps avoiding bidirectional conversions. 

Thus, if the acoustic power is modulated, so is the diffracted light beam intensity. The SAW power Pa is the RF power that is fed to the SAW transducer multiplied by the conversion efficiency of the transducer. The interdigital transducer often used to produce SAW propagation is a bidirectional device. The maximum theoretical efficiency for SAW excitation directed toward the interaction region is —3 dB, which is approached in practice. 

As illustrated in Figure 1, left, one can direct exchange formats between two WPs. If this is done carefully, one can generally ensure compatibility. However, bidirectional, direct conversion implies ( — ) different conversion utilities. An intermediate, standard format (Figure 1, right) simplifies the problem, in that one requires only one (bidirectional) utility per pair of WPs. 

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