Pronunciation names

Galescu, L., and Allen, J. Name Pronunciation with a Joint N-Gram Model for Bidirectional Grapheme-to-Phoneme Conversion. Proc. ICSLP (2002), 109-112. 

Spiegel, M. F. Proper name pronunciations for speech technology applications. In Proceedings of2002 IEEE Workshop on Speech Synthesis (2002). 

Coffee was originally consumed as a food in ancient Abyssinia and was presumably first cultivated by the Arabians in about 575 AD (1). By the sixteenth century it had become a popular drink in Egypt, Syria, and Turkey. The name coffee is derived from the Turkish pronunciation, kahveh, of the Arabian word gahweh signifying an infusion of the bean. Coffee was introduced as a beverage in Europe early in the seventeenth century and its use spread quickly. In 1725, the first coffee plant in the western hemisphere was planted on Martinique, West Indies. Its cultivation expanded rapidly and its consumption soon gained wide acceptance. 

This is the name that God gives himself when talking to Moses at Mount Horeb in the Sinai wilderness. Because Jews almost always prohibited its utterance, the actual pronunciation of the Tetragrammaton is not known today. miT is commonly pronounced Jehovah, though this is inaccurate. Some scholars conjecture that it was pronounced Yahweh. The Tetragrammaton may have a cryptic meaning such as I Am the One Who Is or He Causes to Become. ... 

Let s trace this word back in time a few centuries. One of the most important functions that occurred in the Temple of Jerusalem was the pronunciation of God s name. In practice, the Tetragrammaton could only be spoken safely by the High Priest in the Temple because it needed the huge physical and ritual structure to contain its power. Because the Temple was destroyed, orthodox Jews never pronounce God s name for any reason. 

Many of these reality-changing names were top secret. Today, we don t know the meaning of all nor how to pronounce them. We ve already mentioned the Tetragrammaton, whose pronunciation has been lost. 

The same small corpus of Chinese surnames served for Vietnam and Korea, though the pronunciation of the characters varied even more widely than in Chinese dialects. Nothing so radically marked out the distinctiveness of Vietnam from China than the romanisation of names, along with the rest of the language, in the early twentieth century. When all those with one Chinese character (Ruan in pinyin) became Nguyen, and with another (Pan in pinyin) became Phan, they parted company with the Chinese naming world in a way that could not be rejoined. 

Tandem mass spectrometers are just one type of mass spectrometer and there are many abbreviations and terms that are used commonly. Tandem mass spectrometers have been given many shorten names and abbreviations from tandem mass to TMS (many say they use these terms because of the challenge of pronouncing spectrometry). Unfortunately, these are incorrect abbreviations and it is essential to use tandem mass spectrometry with proper terms (TMS is and abbreviation for trimeth-ylsilyl derivatives used in gas chromatography/mass spectrometry). The acceptable shortened name or abbreviation is tandem MS (where mass spectrometry is abbreviated and it removes the challenging spectrometry pronunciation) or MS/MS [ 1 ]. 

Fig. 14.46. Preparation of an allyl aryl ether and subsequent Claisen rearrangement. (The rearrangement is named after the German chemist Ludwig Claisen. Basically, the name is pronounced the German way but it is known that the family preferred the pronunciation /klaezn/.)...

Do your homework and make sure you know the correct pronunciation of the interviewee s name and this persons role in the company, and/or the individuals relationship to the incident. Have a definite written interview outline or checklist, but also have an open mind. 

Even when symbols are used, the element s name is pronounced. Therefore, choose the article (a or an) preceding the element symbol to accommodate the pronunciation of the element name. (This usage does not apply to isotopes, as described in the section on isotopes.)... 

Sweden and corresponds with berkelium, derived from Berkeley (the pronunciation of the name of the element is similar to that of the place name, thus with the second e mute). 

To avoid awkward pronunciations, the 0 or a of a prefix is usually dropped if the element s name begins with a vowel. 

The first of the accessory food factors to be isolated and identified was found to be chemically an amine therefore, in 1912, Funk coined the term vitamine, from the Latin vita for life and amine, for the prominent chemical reactive group. Although subsequent accessory growth factors were not found to be amines, the name has been retained - with the loss of the final -e to avoid chemical confusion. The decision as to whether the word should correctly be pronounced vitamin or veitamin depends in large part on which system of Latin pronunciation one learned - the Oxford English Dictionary permits both. 

He appears to me as an Indian. He says that I always screw up the pronunciation of his name and then he laughs. He is kind but strict. His people have a language that is absolutely precise, in which a word is its total meaning. The evocation of the word evokes the reality. The language is one that I recognize it is used [Pg.276]

Make nomenclature rules easily available. One of the objectives of the ACS Nomenclature, Spelling and Pronunciation Committee has always been the dissemination of knowledge of nomenclature by distribution of printed rules. A nomenclature guidebook with interpretation of naming rules and with numerous examples would be of great value, but it would require frequent revision (easier with a set of separate pamphlets). 

One exception to using these prefixes is that the first element in the formula never uses the prefix mono-. Also, to avoid awkward pronunciation, drop the final letter in the prefix when the element name begins with a vowel. For example, CO is carbon monoxide, not monocarbon monooxide. 

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