Control mobile sources

S. Albu, "California s Regulatory Perspective on Alternate Euels," 13th North American Motor Vehicle Emissions Control Conf (Tampa, Fla., Dec. 11—14, 1990), Mobile Source Division, California Air Resources Board, El Monte, Calif. 

Mobile sources include railroad locomotives, marine vessels, aircraft, and automotive vehicles. Over the past 100 years, we have gained much experience in regulating smoke and odor emission from locomotives and marine craft. Methods of combustion equipment improvement, firefighter training, and smoke inspection for these purposes are well documented. This type of control is best at the local level. 

Gasoline-powered motor vehicles outnumber all other mobile sources combined in the number of vehicles, the amount of energy consumed, and the mass of air pollutants emitted. It is not surprising that they have received the greatest share of attention regarding emission standards and air pollution control systems. Table 25-2 shows the U.S. federal emission control requirements for gasoline-powered passenger vehicles. 

The second point of view is that the engineering design of control systems for stationary and mobile sources requires a command of the principles of... 

Deals with issues that affect the quality of our air and protection from exposure to harmful radiation. OAR de >el-ops national programs, technical policies, and regulations for controlling air pollution and radiation exposure. Areas of concern to OAR include indoor and outdoor air quality, stationaiy and mobile sources of air pollution, radon, acid rain, stratospheric ozone depletion, radiation protection, and pollution prevention. 

Cambridge Systemadcs, Inc. (1991). Transportation Control Measure Information Documents. Prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Mobile Sources. Cambridge, MA Author. 

Estimates of urban NOx emissions and trends are generally limited to those provided by the developed countries which have the detailed emission Inventories. As In the case of other pollutants, the USA contributes the most on a per-country basis to the global NOx emissions per year. Because of the Inaccuracy of the data base used. It Is difficult to discern trends In these emissions. However, with new control technologies being Implemented for both stationary and mobile sources, downward trends In the developed countries may be more prevalent In the future years. Unfortunately, the opposite trend Is likely to occur In the developing countries. 

Carson, B.L., H.V.Ellis, B.L.Herndon, E.M.Horn, and L.H.Baker. 1981. Hydrogen Cyanide Health Effects. EPA-460/3-81-026, U.S. EPA, Office of Mobile Source Air pollution Control, Ann Arbor, MI. 

The Clean Air Act (CAA), passed in 1970, created a national program to control the damaging effects of air pollution. The CAA Amendments of 1990 went further to ensure that the air Americans breathe is safe. The CAA protects and enhances the quality of the nation s air by regulating stationary and mobile sources of air emissions. 

Figure 16.16 shows that in DTLA, which is most heavily impacted by direct mobile source emissions and has relatively low VOC/NO( ratios, VOC control is predicted to be most effective. Thus, starting at the current emissions marked as point A, controlling VOC is clearly most effective in rolling down the ozone hill. Reducing NOA in the absence of VOC control from... 

EPA 2003c. Code of Federal Regulations Title 40 Protection of Environment, Part 85 Control of Air Pollution From Mobile Sources. US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460. Available at http //www.access.gpo. gov/ nara/cfr/cfrhtml 00/Title 40/40cfr85 00.html... 

JOHN DeKANY (Chemical Engineering) is Deputy Assistant Administrator for Chemical Control in the EPA Office of Toxic Substances. He was formerly Director of Emission Control Technology at the EPA Mobile Source Air Pollution Control Program and has worked for West-inghouse Electric and Gulf Oil. 

Pollution control monoliths and pellets are the preferred shapes for both stationary and mobile sources... 

The SCR of NOx by NH3 is the best control technology but a new breakthrough would be achieved in power plants by the SCR of NOx using methane as reductant. Regarding deNOx from mobile sources, new concepts are appearing, and NOx trap and plasma-assisted catalytic reduction seem promising. 

The catalysts were evaluated by exposure to a simulated automobile exhaust gas stream composed of 0.2% isopentane, 2% carbon monoxide, 4% oxygen and a balance of nitrogen. The temperature required to oxidize the isopentane and carbon monoxide was used to compare catalyst performance. The chromium-promoted catalyst oxidized isopentane at the lowest temperature, and a mixed chromium/copper-promoted catalyst proved the most efficient for oxidizing carbon monoxide and isopentane. It is interesting to note that the test rig used a stationary engine with 21 pounds of catalyst. Although the catalyst was very effective it is difficult to envisage uranium oxide catalysts employed for emission control of mobile sources. 

---