Contraceptive foams

Aerosols. Pressurized containers to deHver aerosolized dmg products through appropriate systems of valves and actuators have been available since the 1950s (see Aerosols). Such dosage forms are used as external appHcations of lotions and creams, for oral inhalation, or for treatment of the vaginal cavity, eg, contraceptive foams. Aerosols contain two- or three-phase systems, wherein a volatile Hquid or admixture of Hquids is sealed in a... 

Foams can occur in the intestines where they may cause indigestion, pain, and/or a sense of being full, collectively known as dyspepsia [884]. Pharmaceuticals designed to combat dyspepsia usually contain antifoams, antacids, and possibly enzymes [884]. The most common antifoams seem to be polymethylsiloxanes (referred to as dimethicone in pharmaceutical literature [884]) mixed with hydrophobic particles, such as hydrophobic silica. The formulation is delivered as a tablet, suspension, or emulsion (simethicone tablets simethicone oral suspensions simethicone emulsions). Foams can also be used to administer drugs, such as in contraceptive foams. 

Personal Care Products Shaving cream Hair shampoo suds Contraceptive foams Bubble bath foam... 

Home and personal care products Shampoo suds, shaving cream, contraceptive foam, bubble bath foam, hair styling mousse Hair and skin creams, lotions Exfoliating scrubs, facial masks, lip balms Spray paints, spray polishes, air freshening sprays, insecticide sprays... 

Uses Foaming agent, solubilizer, wetting agent for cosmetics, personal cate, clear liq. shampoos, bubble baths, antiseptic creams, contraceptive foams, diaper rash preventives, deodorant preps.. It. duty household products, mild liq. detergents, pet shampoos, window cleaners Features Low cloud pt. 

Rhodasurl LA-12/80 solubilizer, contraceptive foams Colonial ALES-1 Colonial ALES-2 solubilizer, controlled foams... 

In the last several decades, physical properties of vaginal contraceptive formulations have been improved to deUver spermicide more effectively and enhance consumer compliance. The formulation that deUvers the spermicide can affect the efficacy of vaginal contraceptives (86,87). Formulations currentiy available include jeUies, creams, suppositories, aerosol foams, and foaming tablets. Each consists of a relative inert base material that serves as a carrier for the chemically active spermicide and blocks to some extent the passage of sperm. 

Polymeric implants - [FOAMED PLASTICS] (Vol 11) - [ACRYLONITRTLEPOLYMERS - SURVEY AND SAN (STYRENE-ACRYLONITRILECO-POLYMERS)] (Vol 1) -for contraception [CONTRACEPTIVES] (Vol 7)... 

Solutions (lavages) and foams are liquid preparations. The foams differ from the solutions in the presence of a suitable propellant, in the formulation, and the type of container, a pressurized delivery device. Plasma concentration profiles obtained after solution administration are characterized by a burst effect followed by a rapid decrease below therapeutic levels, due to the low residence time of the formulation in the vaginal cavity. Such preparations are designed to achieve a local effect particularly in case of inflammations or infections caused by bacteria or yeasts (anaerobic bacteria or Candida species). Nonoxynol-9 (N-9) foam is used as a contraceptive and against sexually transmitted diseases [19]. 

These include nonoxynol-9, octoxinol and p-di-isobutylphenoxypoly(ethoxyethanol). Spermicidal contraceptives are useful additional safeguards but do not give adequate contraceptive protection if used alone they are suitable for use with barrier methods. They have two components a spermicide and a vehicle which itself may have some inhibiting effects on sperm activity. Vehicles commonly used include foams, gels, creams and pessaries. 

Bernstein, G. S. (1974), Conventional methods of contraception Condom, diaphragm, and vaginal foam, Clin. Obstet. Gynecol., 17,21-33. 

SAFETY PROFILE Poison by intraperitoneal route. Experimental reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. An active ingredient in contraceptive jellies, foams, and creams. Combustible when exposed to heat or flames. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. See also ALCOHOLS. 

Modem spermicides are produced in a variety of formulations, including gels, foams, creams, suppositories, pessaries, capsules, foaming tablets, and melting films. Spermicides are also used in conjunction with other methods, such as diaphragms, condoms, and sponges, but also with intrauterine contraceptive devices and methods based on fertility awareness (1). 

Various nitrogen compounds have found use in corrosion inhibition, as fire-proofing agents for epoxy resins and flame retardants for polyurethane foams. For these and other uses, the reader is referred to the indices of Chemical Abstracts. One recent report tells of the use of Mn" chelates of phenanthroline and bipyridyl as contraceptive and antivenereal agents. The antibacterial and antifungal properties of these compounds have long been known. ... 

Correct use of spermicide is required for contraceptive efficacy. The spermicide must be in place prior to intercourse, and the foam is immediately active. If a suppository or tablet is used, it must be inserted 10-15 minutes before intercourse to allow time for it to dissolve. 

Uses Cement admixture elastomeric textile thread adhesives (cold-sealable pkg., selfsealing envelopes, leather/tile adhesives, pressure-sensitive) binder for tufted carpet anchor coatings, flock attachment, nonwoven fabrics carpet foam backings dampproofing formulations latex dipping compds. (gloves, contraceptives, balloons) molded latex foam natural rubber castings rubberized hair prods. in food-pkg. adhesives and pressure-sensitive adhesives... 

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