Containers hydrogen sulfide

Sour and sweet are terms referring to a cmde oil s approximate sulfur content, which relates to odor. A cmde oil that has a high sulfur content usually contains hydrogen sulfide, H2S, and/or mercaptans, RSH it is called sour. Without this disagreeable odor, the cmde oil is judged sweet. 

In water solutions containing hydrogen sulfide, austenitic steels fail by stress corrosion cracking when they are quenched and tempered to high strength and hardness (above about Rockwell C24). 

Wastewater occasionally contains hydrogen sulfide and nitrites. These contribute to higher halogen demands. Many of these reactions reduce halogens to halide salts. 

Fluid catalytic cracking units present formidable emission control problems. Contaminants are present in both reactor product gas and regenerator flue gas. The reactor product contains hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, and cyanides, plus combined sulfur and nitrogen in the liquid products. Hydrogen sulfide, ammonia and cyanides are handled as part of the overall refinery waste water cleanup. The combined sulfur and nitrogen may be removed by hydrotreating. 

This process includes two main sections the burner section with a reaction chamber that does not have a catalyst, and a Claus reactor section. In the burner section, part of the feed containing hydrogen sulfide and some hydrocarbons is burned with a limited amount of air. The two main reactions that occur in this section are the complete oxidation of part of the hydrogen sulfide (feed) to sulfur dioxide and water and the partial oxidation of another part of the hydrogen sulfide to sulfur. The two reactions are exothermic ... 

Perlinger JA, W Angst, RP Schwarzenbach (1996) Kinetics of the reduction of hexachloroethane by juglone in solutions containing hydrogen sulfide. Environ Sci Technol 30 3408-3417. 

Hydrogen sulfide gas is used in analytical chemistry laboratories to detect certain metal ions in a solution. If the solution contains a Group IIA metal, such as calcium, a precipitate will form when an acidic solution containing hydrogen sulfide is added to it. The precipitate forms because one of the products of the chemical reaction is insoluble (which means it does not dissolve). 

Very little information is available on what happens when you drink or eat something with hydrogen sulfide in it, but there are no reports of humans poisoned by such exposures. Pigs that ate food containing hydrogen sulfide experienced diarrhea for a few days and lost weight after a period of about 105 days. 

Hydrogen Sulfide is listed as atoxic substance under Section 313 of the Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act (EPCRA) under Title III of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) (EPA 1995). Disposal of wastes containing hydrogen sulfide is controlled by a number of federal regulations (see Chapter 7). 

Boyev VM, Perepelkin SV, Solovykh DI. 1992. [Higher nervous activity and lipoperoxidation under acute inhalation effect of gas condensate containing hydrogen sulfide ] Zh Vyssh Nerv Deiat Im I P Pavlova 42(3) 583-590. (Russian)... 

The moist sulfide readily oxidises in air exothermally, and may reach incandescence. Grinding in a mortar hastens this [1]. The impure sulfide formed when steel processing equipment is used with materials containing hydrogen sulfide or volatile sulfur compounds is pyrophoric, and has caused many fires and explosions when such equipment is opened without effective purging. Various methods of purging are discussed [2], Formation of pyrophoric FeS in bitumen tanks is considered as a cause of spontaneous ignition and explosion in the head space [3], A detailed study of formation of possibly pyrophoric sulphides from rust in crude oil tankers has been made [4],... 

Gianna, R., and Sisto, R., Desulfurization of gases containing hydrogen sulfide. Patent No. EP0811416. Dec. 10, 1997. 

More specifically, the invention involves the use of Thiobacillus denitrificans under anaerobic conditions to oxidize sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide to sulfate. The process may be carried out in various ways such as in a batch or a continuous bioreactor system using a suspended or an immobilized biocatalyst. The method is particularly applicable to treating natural gas containing hydrogen sulfide and producing a biomass byproduct. 

A tank containing hydrogen sulfide gas (molecular weight 34) has been overpressured and the relief device has been opened. In this case the relief device has a 3-cm diameter, and the flow through the relief is equivalent to the flow obtained through a 3-cm-diameter hole in the tank. In this case the flow of gas has been calculated to be 1.76 kg/s. 

SuRe [Sulphur recovery] A version of the Claus process in which the capacity of the plant is increased by using air enriched in oxygen in the production of the sulfur dioxide. There are two versions SURE SSB [Side Stream Burner], and SURE DC [Double Combustion], In the first, a small portion of the feed stream containing hydrogen sulfide is burnt sub-stoichiometrically in a second burner in the second, the hydrogen sulfide is oxidized in two stages, with cooling and sulfur separation between them. Both of these... 

In 1958 Hanson and Fittkau (HI) published their new method designed for the isolation of polypeptide compounds from urine. Using this method, they isolated more than ten peptides starting with 83 liters of normal urine. The general outline of the method was as follows urine was treated with activated carbon and the adsorbed substances eluted with aqueous acetone containing hydrogen sulfide. The effluent was then... 

Petroleum distillation units generate considerable wastewater. The process water used in distillation often comes in direct contact with oil and can be highly contaminated. Both atmospheric distillation and vacuum distillation produce an oily, sour wastewater (condensed steam containing hydrogen sulfide and ammonia) from side-stripping fractionators and reflux drums. 

Hydrotreating generates sour wastewater from fractionators used for product separation. Like most separation processes in a refinery, the process water used in fractionators often comes in direct contact with oil and thus can be highly contaminated. It also contains hydrogen sulfide and ammonia and must be treated along with other refinery sour waters. In hydrotreating, sour wastewater from fractionators is produced at the rate of about I.O gallon per barrel of feed. 

Chemical/Physical. In an aqueous phosphate buffer solution (0.05 M) containing hydrogen sulfide ion, ethylene dibromide was transformed into 1,2-dithioethane and vinyl bromide. The hydrolysis half-lives for solutions with and without sulfides present ranged from 37 to 70 d and 0.8 to 4.6 yr, respectively (Barbash and Reinhard, 1989). Dehydrobromination of ethylene dibromide to vinyl bromide was observed in various aqueous buffer solutions (pH 7 to 11) in the temperature range of 45 to 90 °C. The estimated half-life for this reaction at 25 °C and pH 7 is 2.5... 

Barbash, J.E. and Reinhard, M. Abiotic dehalogenation of 1,2-dichloroethane and 1,2-dibromoethane in aqueous solution containing hydrogen sulfide. Environ. Sci. TechnoL., 23(11) 1349-1358, 1989. 

Fuel Contains Hydrogen Sulfide or Active Sulfur... 

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