Contact test method

An electric field sensor or a magnetic field sensor prepared for each circuit will detect all opens and shorts in branched circuits. Another big advantage of the non-contact test system is that it works for general circuits that have a common bus bar for electrical plating. The circuits must be isolated to conduct the electrical short test when traditional contact test methods are being used. 

Application of magnetic fluids in ultrasonic non-destructive testing [1-3] opens the real perspectives for automation of the testing methods, based on the surface waves. This report presents the results of investigations aimed at the creation of the transducer of the surface waves for the automated control. The basic attention is drawn to the analysis of the position of the front meniscus of the contact liquid when the surface waves excite through the slot gap. 

C. Kleesattel, "The Ultrasonic Contact Impedance Testing Method," The ECHO, Vol. 27, Krautkramer GmbH. 

Food and pharmaceutical grades of calcium carbonate are covered by the Food Chemicals Codex (7) and the United States Pharmacopeia (8) and subject to U.S. Food and Dmg Administration Good Manufacturing Practices (9). Both purity requirements and test methods are available (7,8). Calcium carbonate is listed in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulation as a food additive, and is authorized for use in both paper and plastic food contact appHcations. 

Specifications and Standards Test Methods. Hydroxyethylcellulose is included in the Hst of materials that are in compHance with requirements of the U.S. EDA for use in adhesives and in resinous and polymeric coatings employed on the food-contact surfaces of metal, paper, or paperboard articles, and other substrates intended for use in food packaging as specified in CER 21. HEC made dispersible by cross-linking with glyoxal is cleared only as an adhesive and as a component of paper and paperboard in contact with food. It has not been cleared as a direct food additive. 

Specifications and Standards Test Methods. Ethylcellulose is cleared foi many apphcations in food and food contact under the Eedeial Eood, Dmg, and Cosmetic Act, as amended. Examples include binder in dry vitamin preparations for animal feed, coatings and inks for paper and paperboard products used in food packaging, and closures with sealing gaskets for food containers (44). Methods of analyses ate given in ASTM D914-72 (19), NationalFonmila XIV, and Food Chemicals Codex II. 

Although a variety of test methods, eg, Dk, modulus, and tear strength, exist to determine key properties of potential contact lens materials, a number of properties, eg, wettabihty and deposition, have no predictive methodology short of actual clinical experience. 

Temperature effects may also be used in test methods and notably for assessing the effects of inhibitors in acid solutions. The technique is based on that first proposed by Mylius which records the temperature-time behaviour associated with the exothermic reaction resulting from the initial contact of a metal with a corrosive acid solution. The effectiveness of inhibitors may then be determined from their effects on the temperaturetime behaviour. ... 

D 1611 1981 (1986) Test method for corrosion produced by leather in contact with metal... 

The major FDA concern came to be better comprehension of diethylene glycol s toxicology. The imminent trial in court required this. In a more basic sense, the crisis made FDA scientists aware of inadequacies in the state of the discipline. In constant contact with their peers at the AMA and at the University of Chicago and Johns Hopkins, a team of FDA scientists launched a project that "developed the first valid process for determining the comparative toxicity of compounds, a statistically based and legally defensible process that opened the door to modern toxicological testing methods" (77). 

Carson, P. A., Mumford, C. J., Loss Prev. Bull. 1993, (109), 11 ibid., (110), 9 Existing information on solids spontaneously combustible in contact with air or water has been reviewed, with 145 references. Data relevant to the causes and prevention of spontaneous ignition are included, as well as the application of mathematical treatments to the problem, and available testing methods for assessing relevant factors in natural and manufactured products are discussed [1], A two part review of pyrophoric materials and precautions in handling them is given [2],... 

Substances when applied to human skin might exert a sensitizing potential on the skin and need, therefore, to be evaluated and classified for their possible toxicity. Every substance that provokes immunologically mediated cutaneous reactions (i.e., skin sensitization or allergic contact dermatitis) is referred to as skin sensitizer. Several tests are recommended, but no single method is able to identify all potential substances capable of inducing sensitization of human skin. Widely used test methods for the investigation of skin sensitization, the so-called adjuvant and nonadjuvant tests, are described below. 

The European Commission has mandated the European Committee for Standardization to establish a validated method of analysis for the determination of OMLs and SMLs. If a product complies with the compositional requirements of the directives, i.e., it is produced from authorized monomers and additives, then it may be tested for any desired application. If it meets the migration requirements, it is acceptable for use in cases covered by that test method. Typical food simulants used in the tests are hot water, acetic acid, ethyl alcohol and olive oil. The choice of an appropriate simulant depends on the type of food expected to come into contact with the packaging. 

Certain substances may need special consideration, such as highly electrophilic substances, which give positive results in vitro, particularly in the absence of metabolic activation. Although these substances may react with proteins and water in vivo and thus be rendered inactive toward many tissues, they may be able to express their mutagenic potential at the first site of contact with the body. Consequently, the use of test methods that can be applied to the respiratory tract, upper gastrointestinal tract, and skin may be appropriate. 

Test Methods. Surface tension (y) measurements were taken by Wil-helmy method (25+0.1°C). Critical micelle concentrations (cmc) were obtained from Y logC curves. Contact angle. Type GI, Japan. Wetting test. Canvas disk method, CIS,HG-2-380-66. Foam test, Ross-Miles lather method. Emulslbillty was determined by mixing 20 ml of 2.5%... 

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