Contact allergy irritation

McFadden JP and Basketter DA (2000) Contact allergy, irritancy and danger . Contact Dermatitis 42(3) 123-127. 

Skin diseases are the second most common form of occupational disease with contact dermatitis accounting for 10 to 15% of all occupational illnesses with an annual associated cost of at least 1 billion [7], Although irritant dermatitis accounts for the majority of cases of contact dermatitis, studies have reported that contact allergies are relevant in between 20 to 50% of contact dermatitis cases [8], In 2003 there were 49 cases of occupational skin disease reported for every 100,000 workers in private... 

A detailed review is presented of the literature on cutaneous reactions to rubber, the aspects covered including latex allergy, irritant contact dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis. The adverse cutaneous reactions to rubber occurring following industrial and occupational or consumer exposure to rubber chemicals or products or to natural rubber latex proteins are discussed. 261 refs. 

Bisphenol A causes slight skin and eye irritation. It did not cause contact allergy in a guinea pig maximization test. Furthermore, no cross-reactions were detected when animals sensitized to the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A were tested with bisphenol A. 

Aromatherapy uses a variety of fragrant plant oils to treat mood or physical problems either topically (as an adjunct to massage) or through inhalation. Some of these oils are quite potent, and if not used in proper dilution, they may cause skin irritation or contact allergy. Toxic ingestions are also possible. 

Santa Maria, A., Pozuelo, J.M., Lopez, A. Sanz, F. (1996) Toxicity of potential irritants in mammalian cells in vitro. Ecotoxicol. environ. Saf., 34, 56-58 Scheuer, B. (1983) [Contact allergy with triethanolamine.] Der Hautarzt, 34, 126-129 (in German)... 

It does not use chemical products and by the way avoid manipulation and contact risks with these armful species. Moreover, use of chemicals and particularly their reaction by-products often induce reactions such as allergies, irritations, and burnings on human beings. Main by-products generated by chemical disinfection are THM and chloramines which have been proven to be harmful (Villanueva et al. 2004). 

Bufexamac is intended for topical use as a cream (using iontophoresis, ultrasound, and massage). Local intolerance causes burning and irritation, attributable to components of the cream. Urticaria, folliculitis, and pyoderma can occur when occlusive dressings are used. The course of contact allergy by bufexamac was particularly protracted and refractory in most of the 24 patients observed in one hospital in 1983-1987 (1). An erythema multi-forme-like rash associated with contact dermatitis has been reported (SEDA-18, 103). In children, long-term topical use of bufexamac was well tolerated with few mild local adverse effects (SEDA-20, 91). 

Local adverse effects of topical minoxidil (usually in an alcohol-propylene glycol base) include dryness, irritation, pruritus, contact allergy (SEDA-11, 139), and photocontact allergy (SEDA-11,139). 

Blondeel A, Oleffe J, Achten G. Contact allergy in 330 dermatological patients. Contact Dermatitis 1978 4(5) 270-276. Bruynzeel DP, van Ketel WG, Scheper RJ, von Blomberg-van der Flier BME. Delayed time course of irritation by sodium lauryl sulfate observations on threshold reactions. Contact Dermatitis 1982 8(4) 236-239. 

HOAt was nontoxic to rats when dosed at 2000 mg kg via the oral route. HOAt was not a skin irritant in rabbits. In rabbits, HOAt was found to be a slight eye irritant. Studies in guinea pigs revealed that HOAt did not induce contact allergy. HOAt did not induce micronuclei in bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes in male mice when evaluated in the in vivo micronucleus assay. 

Blurred vision, eye pain, headache, eye irritation, brow ache, stinging and burning, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, increased salivation and sweating, muscle tremors, contact allergy conjunctival irritation with Ocusert... 

Coumarin is a component of cosmetics and fragrances for which conflicting results have been reported regarding its propensity to induce contact allergy. A careful study has shown that pure coumarin does not exhibit irritant or sensitizing properties. It only exhibits toxic properties when contaminated with impurities J43 ... 

Trolamine must not be applied in cases of infection salicylates can accelerate the penetration of microbes into the skin and aggravate any pre-existing infection. It has been shown to cause local skin irritation and scabs to form on the areas to which it has been applied. Skin irritation increases the more it is applied. In smaller quantities, repeated application only induces epidermal hyperplasia. Some authors consider TEAS to be a potential cytotoxic agent. It is a potential skin irritant that makes the skin sensitive and can cause contact allergies. 

Dithranol (anthralin, cignolin) is a mandatory irritant in psoriasis therapy. Staining of clothes, skin, nails, and hair are frequent and should be explained to patients. An unusual cutaneous anthralin-like staining of the perineum may follow use of danthrone, as a laxative. Danthrone (1,8-dihydroxyanthroquinone) is closely related to dithranol (1,8,9-anthracenetriol). Contact allergy has not been reported. 

Tretinoin, (vitamin A acid, retinoic acid,) is a counter-irritant effective in some types of acne it is also used in psoriasis, with doubtful efficiency. Contact allergy to locally applied retinoic acid has been reported (Lindgren et al. 1976). Patch testing with the commercial preparations containing 0.05% vitamin A acid and with vitamin A acid 0.05% in alcohol is recommended. 

Glutaraldehyde (pentanedial) is an irritant, used in solution for treatment of hyper-hidrosis and warts. Contact allergy has been reported (Gordon and Maibach... 

Tincture of iodine is a primary irritant and should be tested by the open method. Patch tests with iodine and potassium iodide may result in a nonspecific papulo-pustular reaction which must be differentiated from a contact allergic response. Patch tests with potassium iodide have been used in the diagnosis of dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) but the frequency and type of reactions expected in DH patients is neither sensitive nor specific. l,3-diodo-2-hydroxypropane, a white tincture of iodine used in Denmark for first aid, caused contact dermatitis in one patient (Hjorth 1972). He had a strong positive patch test, while 20 controls were negative. Contact allergy to iodine itself may exist, but has not been documented. 

Sodium lauryl sulfate is an emulsifier and an irritant, even in a 1 % concentration, as in hydrophilic ointment (Bergstresser and Eaglstein 1973). Contact allergy is extremely rare but has been claimed (Foussereau et al. 1974 Prater et al. 1978). 

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