Consumer study

Consumer studies suggest that trustworthy labels guaranteeing organic production are very important for consumers (Wier ... 

Carcinogenicity and chronic, reproductive, and developmental toxicity are the most animal-consuming studies. 

These are expensive and time-consuming studies. Beyond that, they do not always yield clear and compelhng results. It would clearly be good to have a much simpler test that could be applied early in research and development efforts, even if the answer was not definitive. Bruce Ames devised such a test. 

While the development of direct dyes was essentially completed in the 1930s, it was reactivated in the 1960s and 1970s, when it was found that benzidine, an important direct dye intermediate at the time, is carcinogenic. Benzidine dyes are used for some yellows and reds and mostly for black. In view of the ensuing concern, the leading dye producers withdrew benzidine-based dyes preemptively to protect their workers, dyers, and consumers. Studies to find alternative dyes were undertaken, and this work led eventually to many of today s most important black dyes for leather, e.g,C.I. DirectBlack 168, 30410 [85631-88-5] (16). 

Slow-growing strains raised with outdoor access and harvested at a greater age have been shown to have firmer meat and be more flavourful than those in conventional production. In a European consumer study they were preferred to conventional poultry meat (Touraille et al., 1981). 

The qualitative demands made on the end product can be established by a study of consumer requirements. In an ideal situation the degree of importance would have to be established quantitatively, for instance as the d-function (desirability). By means of such a d-function the importance of the various properties can be measured and, consequently, also the influence of a change in one of the properties on the overall desirability. For practical reasons (practicability, time) the requirements to be satisfied by the end product in various applications usually are not indicated as d-functions, but are simple rated as unimportant, important and very important. This procedure is based on the results of consumer studies and gives the desirability profile for the application. Also the article properties obtained by suitable processing form a profile, viz. the product profile. 

Have a good sense of cost and be capable of making on-the-spot cost evaluations to minimize wasteful and time-consuming studies. 

The human data include premarketing (i.e., before a product has begun to be sold to consumers) clinical and controlled use studies of the entire formulation. Further, the human data could include post-marketing (i.e., after a product has begun to be sold to consumers) studies conducted by physicians or dermatologists, and epidemiological studies developed by Poison Control Centers, companies, academia, etc. 

Quality and Consumer Studies in the USA of Afriean Herbal Teas for the Natural Produet Industry Development in Sub-Sahara Afriea... 

Since citrinin is a mycotoxin and possesses nephrotoxic and hepato-toxic effects, it has a negative impact on the acceptance of red mold rice by consumers. Studies on MRP with a high concentration of monacolin K and a low concentration of citrinin have been conducted by several laboratories (Chen and Hu, 2005 Wang et al., 2004). Since citrinin possesses antibacterial activity for B. subtilis, a simple and quick selection method for mutant strains with low citrinin production was developed based on the formation of an inhibition zone around the colony of the Monascus strain (Wang et al., 2004). Their results showed that mutant strain, M. purpureus N 301, only produced 0.23 mg/kg citrinin, which was 50% less than that of the parent strain. Chen and Hu (2005) obtained... 

Current address Department of Merchandising, Consumer Studies and Design, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405... 

Emissions from forest haze have been measured in several different laboratory experiments and field monitoring during haze episodes in the Southeast Asian sub-region. These labor-consuming studies were carried out by an international team of scientists headed by Dr. Miroslav Radojevic and the results are published (see further reading list). 

In principle we could look to any market in which some choices are safer than others to get a measurement of the value of safety, and therefore the value of life. Since any such market wUl do, we will begin with various consumer studies before taking on the main concern of this book, the market for occupational safety and health. 

Buyer beware risdc and choke in consumer studies... 

Joung, H.-M., Park-Poaps, H., 2013. Factors motivating and influencing clothing disposal behaviours. International Journal of Consumer Studies 37, 105—111. 

Koch, K., Domina, T., 1997. The effects of environmental attitude and fashion opinion leadership on textile recycling in the US. Journal of Consumer Studies Home Economics 21, 1-17. 

Laitala, K., 2014. Consumers clothing disposal behaviour — a synthesis of research results. International Journal of Consumer Studies 38, 444—457. 

Morgan, L.R., Birtwistle, G., 2009. An investigation of young fashion consumers disposal habits. International Journal of Consumer Studies 33, 190—198. 

Average partiele size The accepted method for determining the primary particle size of nanomaterials is by TEM analysis. However, this is expensive and time-consuming. Studies have shown that an average primary particle size for spherical or cubic shaped diy nanoparticles of roughly uniform shape and size can be calculated from the equation ... 

H D Rowe, Detergents, clothing and the consumer with sensitive skin International Journal of Consumer Studies, 2006 30 369-377. 

In addition to this, a common feature of rapid sensory profiling methods is the absence of (or very limited) training. This has further heightened interest in the use of these methods in consumer studies. As a result, as Varela and Ares (2012) have underlined, the line is now blurred between sensory and consumer science, and rapid sensory profiling methods are now increasingly used to capture consumers perceptions. 

Faye, R, Courcoux, R, Giboreau, A. and Qannari, E. M. (2013). Assessing and taking into account the subjects experience and knowledge in consumer studies. Application to the free sorting task of wine glasses. Food Quality and Preference, 28, 317-327. 

The selection of the list of words or phrases included in the CATA question is one of the main challenges for the implementation of the methodology. Terms included in the CATA questions should be easy for consumers to understand, and preferably related to the vocabulary they commonly use for describing the products. Input for generating the list of terms can be gained from published literature or results from previous quahtative consumer studies. Besides, terms related to product sensory characteristics can be selected based on the descriptors used by trained assessor panels to characterize the products, but care must be taken to ensure that consumers easily understand the selected terms. 

Similar to what was observed with the previous Flash Profile consumer studies, aU consumers were able to use the Projective Flash Profile methodology. Moreover, no consumers had trouble finding and imagining mental images, emotions or associations with the different perfumes. This is a confirmation of the highly imaginative and very evocative potential of fragrances. 

This chapter is the result of more than 15 years of experience of sensory evaluation in the car industry. During this time period, a great number of sensory and consumer studies have been conducted by the sensory science team of the Renault R D department. Such studies have rarely been published in the sensory science literature, although there have been a few communications in conferences (Astruc and Blumenthal, 2004 Astruc et al, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Blumenthal, 2004, 2008 Blumenthal and Bouillot, 2007, 2010 Blumenthal and Dairou, 2007 Blumenthal et ah, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2004 Boivin and Blumenthal, 2009 Dairou et al., 2003 Herbeth, 2007 Herbeth and Blumenthal, 2007, 2010 Herbeth et al., 2007 Petiot et al., 2010). This chapter is thus an opportunity to step back and share our experience on the use of sensory analysis, through three selected examples. We believe that this experience will be of profit to the reader in other domains of application. 

The primary specificities of sensory science in the car industry deal with the product itself. Automotive vehicles are very complex products. A car can be divided into a large number of sub-products, including the seat, the dashboard, the steering wheel, each of these sub-parts being a potential object of sensory and consumer study. 

For sensory studies as well as for consumer studies, the price and availability of the tested cars are always an issue. Renting a specific car is expensive, which is why each study is generally limited in the total number of days needed. In addition to this, only one sample of each product is available. 

The road-holding sensation seems to be associated with two of the vehicle s functions the roll of the car, and the lateral support of the seat. To understand the impact of these two functions on the road-holding sensation, we carried out a sensory description study and a consumer study on seven minivans under driving situations. 

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