Constructional steel textiles

The carcass ply/plies coat compound functions are basically the same as the steel breaker compound. Normally in the steel belted PCT the ply is textile cord of polyester or rayon fabrics which are soft and flexible. The truck radial steel tire normally uses a steel cord ply. Earthmover tires are of two basic constructions, ie, radial using steel and bias using textiles (see Tire cords). 

It has been estimated that the consumption of rubber in ebonite products increased on an average of about 6% a year until 1951 when different plastics appeared in the market as competitive materials [6]. But because of the superiority of ebonites in acid and chlorine duties, it still maintains its place in the process industries as a material of construction as evidenced by its increased use in anticorrosive lining of chemical process vessels and tanks for the process industries and rolls for steel and textile and paper and pulp industries. 

In essence, a tire is a composite of complex elastomer formulations, fibers, textiles, and steel cord. The term tire structure defines the number, location, and dimensions of the various components used in a tire s composition. The primary components that govern the performance of a tire are the casing plies, bead construction, belts, sidewall, inner liner, and tread. Chafers, flippers, and overlays, which are strips of rubberized fabric located in the bead and crown area of the tire, are termed secondary components because they protect the primary components by minimizing stress concentrations (Ford and Charles, 1988 Davison, 1969). 

The combination of a concrete matrix reinforced by textile fabrics is investigated for several years now in the Collaborative Research Center 532 (SFB 532) at the RWTH Aachen University. Compared to steel reinforced concrete the minimum thickness of the parts can be drastically reduced leading to different concepts of construction and new fields of applications. 

Mechanical rubber goods include hoses, power transmission (PT) belts, and conveyor belts. Aramids compete with nylon, polyester, glass, and steel in these applications. Steel dominates the rubber hydraulic hose market and polyester is the reinforcement of choice in lower pressure thermoplastic hoses. Advantages of aramid vs. other textiles in hose applications include higher strength, which can lead to constructions with fewer plies and less weight, and better thermal stability, dimensional stability, and chemical resistance. When compared with steel, aramid will not corrode and can be fabricated into lower weight, more flexible hoses. 

Examples of stab resistant body armour are often quite different in constractional character. For example, some comprise a matrix of overlapping metal or composite plates located between fabric layers (based on para-aramid or UHMW polyethylene), others are based on more flexible aramid woven textiles which have been coated with silicon carbide particles to blunt the knife point and others incorporate fine tungsten wire within a knitted fabric matrix. Copying the ancient chain mail concept, similar fine mail constructed from stainless steel or titanium wire may be included as a layer. Obviously the overall weight and thickness of the resulting armour is of crucial importance for the comfort of the wearer but this will be determined largely by the magnitude of the threat. 

There is increasing interest in hose forms of construction as a route to manufacturing reinforced thermoplastic pipes (RTP) on a continuous production basis. The most widely used high pressure hoses are composite structures intended to create a flexible, tubular connection within high-pressure fluid systems. The pressure containment is achieved by incorporating textile fibres or steel wires which can carry high stresses whilst the elastomeric or plastic components essentially protect the fibre or wire structures and act as a seal against fluid permeation. 

Stainless steel fiber n. Textile fibers made of stainless steel. Steel fibers are used for antistatic purposes in carpets, for tire belt construction, and for high-temperature or heat-resistant end uses. 

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