Chain mail

This trapping technique can also be used to form networks with no cross-links. Mixing the same types of linear chain with large amounts of the cyclics and then functionally end-linking them could give sufficient cyclic interlinking to yield an Olympic or chain-mail network [3, 193, 200, 203], as is illustrated in Figure 5 [193], Attempts have been made to prepare and characterize such materials, because they could well have unusual elastomeric properties [204],... 

Figure 5. Preparation of a chain mail or Olympic network consisting entirely of interlooped cyclic molecules, without any cross-links [193]. Linear chains passing through the cyclics are difunctionally end-linked at the regions shown by the rectangles. The result is a series of interpenetrating cyclics, which would function as an elastomeric network.

Figure 19. Topological structure of 2D antiparallel DX arrays. The four arrays are built from DAO or DAE molecules crossings are separated by an even (E) or odd (O) number of double helical half-turns. Strand polarities are shown by the arrowheads on their 3 ends. Strands are drawn with different thicknesses for clarity. Both DAO lattices contain vertical zigzag strands, only. DAE-E consists of molecular chain mail, and DAE-O produces reporter strands in both the horizontal direction (straight) and the vertical direction (zigzag).

Waldrop, MM Mewing the Universe as a Coat of Chain Mail New Calculations Have Pointed the Way to Quantum Gravity and Suggested a Novel Structure for the Sub sub Microscopic World, Science, 1510 (December 14. 1990). 

Figure 4.13 Preparation of a chain mail or Olympic network consisting entirely of inter-looped cyclics.294 Reproduced by permission of Butterworth.

The first general group of iron tools found in Egypt dates back to the time of the Assyrian Invasion of 666 b.c., and was found at Thebes. The Assyrians themselves appear to have made chain mail about 900 b.c.3... 

Solid belts are used for pastes and fine powders. Through circulation belts are applied to granules more than about 3 mm in narrowest dimension. When the feed is not in suitable granular form, it is converted in a preformer to a size range usually of 3-15 mm. Belts are made of chain mail mesh or metal with 2 mm perforations or slots of this width. Steam-heated air is the most common heat transfer medium however, combustion gases may be used. A temperature limit of 620°F is recommended Perry s, 1997, p.12.48) because of problems lubricating the conveyor, chain, and roller drives. 

Junk and chain mail on the Internet - do not get involved in distributing junk or chain mail (the electronic equivalent of chain letters). This activity is likely to be against your institute s rules for the use of its computer facilities because it can foul up the operation of networks. 

Whole body Temperature extremes, adverse weather, chemical or metal splashes, spray or jets from pressure leaks or spray guns, impact or penetration, contaminated dust, excessive wear or entanglement of own clothing Conventional or disposable overalls, boiler suits, specialized protective clothing, chemical protective clothing, chain-mail or acid-proof aprons, high-visibility clothing... 

Examples of stab resistant body armour are often quite different in constractional character. For example, some comprise a matrix of overlapping metal or composite plates located between fabric layers (based on para-aramid or UHMW polyethylene), others are based on more flexible aramid woven textiles which have been coated with silicon carbide particles to blunt the knife point and others incorporate fine tungsten wire within a knitted fabric matrix. Copying the ancient chain mail concept, similar fine mail constructed from stainless steel or titanium wire may be included as a layer. Obviously the overall weight and thickness of the resulting armour is of crucial importance for the comfort of the wearer but this will be determined largely by the magnitude of the threat. 

Plate edges provide weak points in the armour multiple layers increase both weight and bnlk, whilst effective and durable hinging appears to be difficult to achieve in practice. Snch systems have become less coimnon in recent years, as fabric and chain mail systems have been sufficiently developed to give equivalent protection with greater flexibility and lower weight. 

Chain mail can also be used as a flexible knife-resistant armour. In this case the action of the chain links is to capture the blade tip after a small amount of perforation. It is therefore necessary to use either a very fine chain link diameter or a padding system. Typically the armour systems will consist of a layer of chain mail positioned on the front face of a conventional multilayer ballistic fabric pack. This construction has very good flexibility and provides both knife and ballistic protection at a weight comparable to, although slightly greater than, a laminated fabric solution. It is, however, typically mote flexible than the laminated fabric and has foimd particular use in female armour, which needs this greater flexibility to allow for breast shape. 

It may also be possible to use the trapping technique to prepare networks having no cross links whatsoever. Mixed linear chains, with large amounts of cyclics, are difunctionally end linked to yield an Olympic or chain-mail network (figure 7.30). Such materials are similar in some respects to the catenanes and rotaxanes that have long been of interest to a variety of scientists and mathematicians. " Computer simulations could establish the conditions most likely to produce these novel structures. 

Preparation of a chain-mail or Olympic network, which has no cross links at all. Linear chains (light lines) passing through the cyclics (heavy lines) in part a are di-functionally end linked to form a series of interpenetrating cyclics in part b. 

The blast furnace had a large productive capacity but the product, if not used for cast components, was initially of limited value. Because of its high carbon content, 3-4%, it was brittle and impossible to forge. Iron wire, sheets or needles could not be made of it At the end of the Middle Ages people said, it was better in earlier years . Then it was possible to make armor, chain mail and helmets of the soft iron that was produced in the small furnaces by direct reduction. From the blast furnace product it was, however, impossible. 

Mesh Belt Conveyor. Mesh belts used in reflow ovens are generally fabricated of stainless steel links. Some are wide open with large spaces, many centimeters from link to link. Others are more like chain mail armor (Fig. 47.3). The widely spaced links allow more air flow to the bottom side of the board. 

FIGURE 473 A large space mesh belt (a) allows more air flow than the chain mail armor mesh (b). 

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