Construction completion procedure

Let us first consider the case in which the procedure is applied to the whole plant at the same time (or to a distinctive independent self-contained unit within a larger plant). There will normally have been a number, perhaps a considerable number, of construction contractors involved. Verification of construction completion and its contractual formalization can be achieved applying the following procedure for each construction contractor  

This request concerns the following works/equipment/functional systems  

We the undersigned representing the construction contractor, consider that construction operations associated with the above defined works/equipment/functional system s together with the corresponding quality records, have hcen completed according to the terms of the contract. 

In consequence we request the EPCM contractor to inspect jointly with us the works/equipment/functionl system and to review the associated quality records with a view of establishing a construction completion certificate. 

When a construction completion certificate has been signed for every contract, construction can be deemed to be complete for the whole plant. 

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During the construction of a ship the Surveyor monitors NDE results for completeness of testing and overall quality of welding. This role includes the evaluation of checkpoints taken specifically for classification purposes but also includes the monitoring of additional checkpoints taken for quality control purposes by the builder. In the case of tankers built to LR Class since 1994 and for bulk carriers built to Class since January 1996 the Surveyor will witness the actions listed as part of the ShipRight Construction Monitoring procedure that is now mandatory. 

Once the solubility and coexistence curves have been determined, the complete ternary phase diagram may be constructed. This procedure is illustrated by the example shown in Fig. 28. The following parameters have been used ... 

Equipment should be examined immediately upon arrival. Verification of constmction procedures List of procedures should be established and reviewed. Construction completion... 

Finally, technologies for well construction (drilling procedures, completion best practices, CO2-resistant cement and metallurgy) and well remediation (squeeze, well plugging) will allow controlling the man-made features to maximize performance while mitigating risks. 

Thus the extension/modification of an existing plant calls for meticulous attention to detail in pre-planning, in execution and in completion. Written procedures for all phases must be prepared well in advance and accepted by those concerned. The necessary staff, in particular in the engineering disciplines, must be available on site for monitoring and control. The respective responsibilities of EPCM contractor and owner have to be defined especially for construction completion, turnover and commissioning. Finally the project organization... 

Establish a materiel management procedure (Chapter 7). Define construction completion and turnover, and possible technical assistance to the owner beyond turnover (Chapter 11). 

If the representatives of the owner have been in sufficient strength as observers on the site during the completion of the construction phase as outlined in Section 11.4 above, and are thus familiar with the detail of the proceedings, the turnover operation should be straight forward. The procedures for construction completion and turnover to the owner are shown as a flowchart in Figure 11.6. 

Note The construction completion and turnover procedure illustrated in this flowchart can be applied to the whole plant or to a part of it, in particular to a functional system. 

The reaction of the reader might well be that the above proposed model procedures for construction completion and turnover to the owner, particularly those based on fimctional systems, are complicated, but whatever the approach, managing completion and turnover is never simple. Fiowever, these procedures can work well provided that ... 

For the owner time was pressing, so it was decided to simplify the project structure. In the first place the owner brought in one of its own engineers to head up the operation. He already possessed the experience of several plant construction completions and turnovers, had developed a procedure and came armed with computer software to track the operation. An integrated team was formed, comprising staff from the owner and the EPCM contractor. The contracts with the construction contractors for the mechanical, piping, electrical and control and instrumentation disciplines were closed out as such, and instead these firms made available teams of pipe fitters, welders, electricians, etc., to be integrated into the owner-EPCM contractor team. Their services would be paid for on the basis of time spent at houriy rates. 

For those chapters proposing typical procedures with model forms concerning responsibilities on site, supplier site visits, quality plans and records, engineering queries, incoming inspection and maintenance, nonconformities, audits, management reviews and construction completion and turnover, the forms concerned can be downloaded from the Wiley-Blackwell website www.blackwellpublishing.com/noble. They can serve as a basis for the reader to create his/her own forms adapted to the needs of a specific project. 

It is instructive for the student to construct a rough melting point diagram (compare Section 1,13 and Fig. 1,12, 1) for mixtures of cinnamic acid and urea. Weigh out 1 00 g. each of the two finely powdered components, and divide each into ten approximately equal portions on a sheet of clean, smooth paper. Mix 4 portions of cinnamic acid (A) with 1 portion of urea B) intimately with the aid of a spatula on a glass slide, and determine the melting point (the temperature at which the mixture just becomes completely fluid is noted). Repeat the procedure for 3 parts of A and 2 parts oiB 2 parts of A and 3 parts of B and 1 part of A and 4 parts of B. Tabulate your results as follows —... 

For new processes, the employer will find a PHA helpful in improving the design and construction of the process from a reliability and quality point of view. The safe operation of the new process is enhanced by making use of the PHA recommendations before final installations are completed. P IDs should be completed, the operating procedures in place, and the operating staff trained to run the process, before startup. The initial startup procedures and normal operating procedures must be fully evaluated as part of the prestartup review to ensure a safe transfer into the normal operating mode. 

This general procedure will only be completely successful, of course, if the correct RICs are examined and it may be that the analyst feels it more appropriate to carry out a manual analysis of the TIC trace. This is not perhaps as daunting as it may at first appear, since although the TIC trace may contain a large amount of information, the ionization techniques employed invariably yield simple spectra and changes in m/z values of the intense ions present are often obvious. The RICs of the ions selected in this way are then constructed for further examination of the spectra involved. 

Use the four-step procedure described earlier. Begin with the Lewis structure for the molecule, and then identify the appropriate hybrid orbitals. Construct a a bond framework, and complete the bonding picture by assembling the bonds from the unhybridized p orbitals. 

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