Construction and monitoring

The planning of the dredging and land fill works is laid down in a construction program. As already highlighted in the introduction, this program is a visualisation 

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FIG. 25-72 Typical detail of an isolated gas vent. (From Bagchi, A., Design, Construction, and Monitoring of Sanitary Landfill, Wiley, 1.9.90,)... 

In order to build new facilities or expand existing ones without harming the environment, it is desirable to assess the air pollution impact of a facility prior to its construction, rather than construct and monitor to determine the impact and whether it is necessary to retrofit additional controls. Potential air pollution impact is usually estimated through the use of air quality simulation models. A wide variety of models is available. They are usually distinguished by type of source, pollutant, transformations and removal, distance of transport, and averaging time. No attempt will be made here to list aU the models in existence at the time of this writing. 

Design. Construction and Monitoring of Sanitary Landfill, p. 47, 1990, by John Wiley Sons, Inc. 

Road Safety Audits in the UK are carried out at specific stages in the design, construction and monitoring phases of a project. 

A flow diagram (Figure 11.11) exhibits the sequence of various phases involved in the planning, design, construction, and monitoring of remedial works (Kelly and Martin, 1986). The following gives a short description of the most commonly used remedial measures. 

Association of Coastal Engineers http //www.coastalengineers.org/ (accessed June 22,2010). Started in 1999, the association is dedicated to excellence in education, research, and the practice of coastal engineering. Among other activities, it holds an annual conference where such topics as the sciences of oceanography, design construct, and monitor coastal structures, beach nourishment, and harbor design are discussed. 

Figure 12.3 Flow chart construction and monitoring specifications.

Irrespective of the party responsible for the project, all topics presented in Table 12.1 should be considered. The Technical Specifications shall in clear terms describe the design, construction and monitoring activities which the Contractor is required to undertake. 

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