Paper smoothing

Materials Required Arsenic limit test apparatus HgCl2—paper smooth white filter paper (having thickness in mm of 400 paper = weight in g per Sq. M.), soaked in a saturated solution of HgCl2, pressed to get rid of excess of soln. and dried at about 60°C in the dark lead acetate solution 10.0% w/v soln. of PbAc2 in C02 free water KI (AsT), 1.0 g Zn (AsT) 10.0 g Dilute Arsenic solution (AST) Standard stains, Test Solutions—are prepared according to the Indian Pharmacopoeia 1996. 

If the paper used in the printer is too smooth, it causes the same problem. Pickup rollers use friction, and smooth paper doesn t offer much friction. If the paper is too rough, on the other hand, it acts like sandpaper on the rollers, wearing them smooth. Here s a rule of thumb for paper smoothness Paper slightly smoother than a new one-dollar bill will work fine. 

Figure 14.3. Paper smoothing without densification. W - web, SI, S - surfaces, CNC - calender nip, 28c - offset rolls, 40 - repectacle, 38, 14C - water (plasticizer), 24C - doctor knife, 42 - rotating roll. [Adapted from Keller S F, US Patent 4,973,441, 1990.]...

ASTM D 3593 9 (filter paper) Smooth liquid film with plasticiser Smooth liquid film without plasticiser... 

In paper products, polyethylene glycols are added to clay and starch to promote paper smoothness and gloss. These glycols are used as humectants and softeners for leathers. 

In order to dry the crystals, the Buchner funnel is inverted over two or three thicknesses of drying paper (i.e., coarse-grained, smooth surfaced Alter paper) resting upon a pad of newspaper, and the crystalline cake is removed with the aid of a clean spatula several sheets of drying paper are placed on top and the crystals are pressed flrmly. If the sheets become too soiled by the mother liquor absorbed, the crystals should be transferred to fresh paper. The disadvantage of this method of rapid drying is that the recrystallised product is liable to become contaminated with the Alter paper flbre. 

It is instructive for the student to construct a rough melting point diagram (compare Section 1,13 and Fig. 1,12, 1) for mixtures of cinnamic acid and urea. Weigh out 1 00 g. each of the two finely powdered components, and divide each into ten approximately equal portions on a sheet of clean, smooth paper. Mix 4 portions of cinnamic acid (A) with 1 portion of urea B) intimately with the aid of a spatula on a glass slide, and determine the melting point (the temperature at which the mixture just becomes completely fluid is noted). Repeat the procedure for 3 parts of A and 2 parts oiB 2 parts of A and 3 parts of B and 1 part of A and 4 parts of B. Tabulate your results as follows —... 

The crack shape is defined by the function -ip. This function is assumed to be fixed. It is noteworthy that the problems of choice of the so-called extreme crack shapes were considered in (Khludnev, 1994 Khludnev, Sokolowski, 1997). We also address this problem in Sections 2.4 and 4.9. The solution regularity for biharmonic variational inequalities was analysed in (Frehse, 1973 Caffarelli et ah, 1979 Schild, 1984). The last paper also contains the results on the solution smoothness in the case of thin obstacles. As for general solution properties for the equilibrium problem of the plates having cracks, one may refer to (Morozov, 1984). Referring to this book, the boundary conditions imposed on crack faces have the equality type. In this case there is no interaction between the crack faces. 

Paper (qv) is a material of tremendous versatility and utility, prepared from a renewable resource. It may be made soft or stiff, dense or porous, absorbent or water repellent, textured or smooth. Some of the versatility originates with the fibers, which may vary from short and supple to long and stiff, but the contribution of chemicals should not be underestimated (see Papermaking materials and additives). 

Paper printabdity, its ability to be ink-receptive, is determined by smoothness, absorbency, porosity, and ink holdout capability. 

Surface Sizing. Surface sizing is generally used for modification of other properties of paper or paperboard such as printabiHty, smoothness, porosity, coefficient of friction, opacity, surface strength, anti-linting or coating holdout. Anionic starch is perhaps the most common additive or co-additive used for surface sizing. 

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