Conservation literature

Series IV Miscellaneous Materials. Various textile finishes were applied in this group of experiments. Many had been mentioned in the conservation literature as possible textile conservation aids (9,10). These resins were padded from 5% aqueous solutions with the exception of Butvar, which was dissolved in 2-propanol. All samples were air dried (Table V). 

In the past, although FTIR and ESCA were known to offer a great deal of information on specific chemical functional groups of surfaces, little application was made of these analytical tools in the field of conservation and restoration science and technology. A survey of instrumental analysis citations since 1953 in the conservation literature showed that only one FTIR work was published in Studies in Conservation in 1977 and two ESCA papers were published in Archaeometry in 1976. None appeared in Arts and Archaeology Technical Abstracts (AATA). 

A number of unanswered questions exist in the field of wood conservation. Previously, the conservation literature addressed empirical descriptions of old wood structure and preservation. However, the complex chemical and physical state of the wood was not explored. Without a fundamental understanding of how wood reacts with its environment, it is impossible to accurately assess the best system of exhibition and storage. 

There is a profusion of terms referring to these floristic areas in biogeographical and conservation literature in this chapter we refer to Sonoran, Tamaulipan, Baja Californian, Central Pacific coast (Jalisco, Colima, Michoacto, Guerrero and Oaxaca), Balsas, Central Depression of Chiapas, Yucatecan and Central American SDTFs (Figure 13.1). 

In the conservation literature, while TFCA has been relatively precisely defined, TFP has not. Furthermore, the term peace park is often used interchangeably with both. But if we understand TFPs as I do here, as parks that span international borders or meet one another at (mostly) unfenced international borders to create large expanses of (mostly) uninterrupted wildlife habitat, then many of the national parks within TFCAs are indeed TFPs. 

This latter modified midpoint method does work well, however, for the long time integration of Hamiltonian systems which are not highly oscillatory. Note that conservation of any other first integral can be enforced in a similar manner. To our knowledge, this method has not been considered in the literature before in the context of Hamiltonian systems, although it is standard among methods for incompressible Navier-Stokes (where its time-reversibility is not an issue, however). 

E. D. Spinosa, P. M. Stephan, and J. R. Schorr, Review of Literature on Control Technology which Abates Air Pollution and Conserves Energy in Glass Melting... 

To express the maximum potential explosive power of a fuel, a safe and conservative value for TNT equivalencies of vapor cloud explosions was estimated from literature data on major incidents, after correction for virtual distance. Prugh (1987) concluded that the maximum energy-based TNT equivalency is highly depen-... 

The names for these mechanisms vary throughout the literature. For example, the Sgi mechanism has also been called the Sp2, the Se2 (closed), and the Se2 (cyclic) mechanism. The original designations, Se 1, Se2, and so on, were devised by the Hughes-Ingold school. It has been contended that the SeI mechanism violates the principle of conservation of orbital symmetry (p. 1068), and that the Se2 (back) mechanism partially violates it Slack, D.A. Baird, M.C. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1976, 98, 5539. 

Much of the literature pertaining to putative inhibitors of HCV helicase has recently been discussed in the excellent review published by Frick (2007). As he points out, one of the main problems with a helicase as target for antiviral drugs is the potential for general toxicity related to the highly conserved nature of the... 

The angular momentum conservation equation couples the viscous and the elastic effects. The angular profiles of the director and the effective viscosity data are computed for one set of material parameters based on published data in literature. The velocity profiles are also attained from the same dataset. The results show that the alignment of molecules has a strong influence on the lubrication properties. 

The varnish on a modern painting ( Mont Saleve by Alexandre Perrier, 1916, private collection) showed a mass spectrum (Figure 5.19b) almost identical to that of Ketone Resin N. The use of a cyclohexanone resin as a picture varnish seems uncommon because copolymers such as AW2 were preferred by conservators [62]. An investigation into cyclohexanone resins by direct temperature-resolved MS (DTMS) is reported in the literature [22, 64]. Similar mass spectrometric patterns were achieved with masses accurately reflecting the values expected for the oligomers. 

There are a huge number of applications of GC/MS to lipid analysis in cultural heritage reported in the literature. Lipid characterization, together with the study of lipid degradation processes, is an important research area in conservation science [1 31]. 

The analytical techniques proposed in the literature generally give reliable information on lipids present in the paint layer. However, the presence of lipid mixtures and of particular environmental conservation conditions may affect the lipid pattern to such an extent that their identification may be very difficult and sometimes erroneous. Thus, a multianalytical approach is recommended which integrates chromatographic data with techniques such as mapping based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy or SIM on cross-sections, in order to better understand the distribution of lipids in the various paint layers. 

Casadio F., Giangualano I., Pique F., Organic materials in wall paintings the historical and analytical literature, Reviews in Conservation, 2004, 5, 63 80. 

F. Casadio, I. Giangualano, F. Pique, Organic Materials in Wall Paintings the Historical and Analytical Literature, Reviews in Conservation, 5, 63 80 (2004). 

To simulate the particle-particle collision, the hard-sphere model, which is based on the conservation law for linear momentum and angular momentum, is used. Two empirical parameters, a restitution coefficient of 0.9 and a friction coefficient of 0.3, are utilized in the simulation. In this study, collisions between spherical particles are assumed to be binary and quasi-instantaneous. The equations, which follow those of molecular dynamic simulation, are used to locate the minimum flight time of particles before any collision. Compared with the soft-sphere particle-particle collision model, the hard-sphere model accounts for the rotational particle motion in the collision dynamics calculation thus, only the translational motion equation is required to describe the fluid induced particle motion. In addition, the hard-sphere model also permits larger time steps in the calculation therefore, the simulation of a sequence of collisions can be more computationally effective. The details of this approach can be found in the literature (Hoomans et al., 1996 Crowe et al., 1998). 

This is an application of Fermi s golden rule. The first term is the square of the matrix element of the perturbation, which appears in all versions of perturbation theory. In the second term 8(x) denotes the Dirac delta function. For a full treatment of this function we refer to the literature [2]. Here we note that S(x) is defined such that S(x) = 0 for x 7 0 at the origin S(x) is singular such that / ( r) dx — 1. The term 8 (Ef — Ei) ensures energy conservation since it vanishes unless... 

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