Viral conjunctivitis

Bacterial conjunctivitis Viral conjunctivitis Medicamentosa Allergic conjunctivitis... 

Viral conjunctivitis. Viral conjunctivitis affects only one eye causing excessive eye watering and a light discharge from the eye. 

Conjunctivitis is inflammation of the thin, clear membrane that covers the white part of the eye and the eyelids. There are four types of conjunctivitis viral conjunctivitis, bacterial conjunctivitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and giant papillary conjunctivitis. A comeal abrasion is a cut or scratch on the cornea caused by debris, fingernails, contact lenses, or mbbing the eye. Most corneal abrasions heal with the proper treatment. 

The natural killer cells (NK) are the host s primary innate immune responders against viral infections. Studies have shown morphine to suppress the cytolytic activity of NK cells (Shavit et al. 2004). In vivo studies carried out in the Indian rhesus macaques looked at chronic morphine administration and SIV the equivalent of HIV in apes. This group concluded that morphine contributed to the pathogenesis of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) infection and that this contribution occurred in conjunction with the replication of viral proteins including Tat (Noel and Kumar 2006 Noel et al. 2006). 

Viral conjunctivitis is usually self-limiting, worsening after 4 to 7 days, but then resolving within 2 to 4 weeks. 

Nonpharmacologic measures are critical to prevent the spread of viral conjunctivitis. 

The vast majority of conjunctivitis cases are viral in nature. For acute bacterial conjunctivitis, the cause is primarily grampositive organisms.11 The primary pathogens in acute bacterial conjunctivitis are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, or Haemophilus influenzae.12... 

Nonpharmacologic measures are critical to prevent the spread of viral conjunctivitis. Patients should not share towels or other contaminated objects, should avoid close contact with other people and avoid swimming for 2 weeks.10 The virus remains viable on dry surfaces for more than 2 weeks.13 Take care in the medical setting to thoroughly decontaminate instruments and wash hands.11... 

Topical antivirals are not used to treat adenovirus conjunctivitis. Topical antibiotics are often prescribed for viral conjunctivitis, ostensibly to prevent bacterial superinfection. In reality, this is a case of the patient insisting on a medication to speed healing.11 Avoid the use of antibiotics for a viral infection.12 Eliminating superfluous antibiotic use also helps prevent the development of antibiotic resistance. 

If patients have a severe subepithelial infiltration, a topical steroid may be required. However, topical steroids may cause serious ocular complications and may worsen herpetic conjunctivitis, which has symptoms similar to viral conjunctivitis. Additionally, the period of virus shedding may be prolonged by up to 50% by topical prednisolone. Only ophthalmologists should prescribe topical steroids.10... 

General absence of conjunctivitis, hoarseness, cough, rhinorrhea, discrete ulcerations, and diarrhea (suggestive of viral etiology)... 

Conjunctivitis, or pink eye, is an inflammation of the conjunctiva and probably the most widespread form of ailment in this tissue. If left untreated, it can have serious consequences on vision and overall health. There are many forms of conjunctivitis, and symptoms can range from itchy, burning, or teary eyes (allergic conjunctivitis) to more severe cases of bacterial and viral conjunctivitis (commonly known as pink eye ). Each type requires... 

Conjunctivitis is inflammation of the conjunctiva. Conjunctivitis may be bacterial, in which case it is accompanied by a purulent discharge, viral or allergic in origin. Generally symptoms include erythema and itchiness. 

Conjunctivitis may be caused by viral infections, bacterial infections or infections caused by Chlamydia. Conjunctivitis caused by bacterial infections tends to be accompanied by a coloured discharge. 

Budesonide- Adverse reactions occurring in 3% or more of patients include pain fever back pain upper respiratory tract infection sinusitis pharyngitis coughing conjunctivitis headache rhinitis epistaxis otitis media ear infection viral infections flu syndrome voice alteration. 

Viral infection, especially epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC), more often is associated with a follicular conjunctivitis, a serous conjunctival discharge, and preuricular lymphadenopathy. The exceptionally contagious organism causing EKC is not susceptible to antiviral therapy at this time. 

A major application of monoclonal antibodies is in clinical assays for drugs, bacterial and viral products, tumor antigens, hormones, and other circulating proteins. Their use in conjunction with immunoassays (Box 31-C) has provided increased specificity and sensitivity. Another major application is to observe binding of antibodies to specific proteins by electron microscopy. The location of specific receptor proteins can be established - as can the locations of ribosomal proteins and many other cellular components (Fig. 29-1). Monoclonal antibodies to acetylcholine receptors have been shown to induce symptoms of myasthenia gravis (Box 31-D), supporting the autoimmune origin of that disease. 1 Monoclonal antibodies specific for such a small hapten as mercuric ion have been isolated.k... 

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