Confronting issues

We will confront issues of concern with you that you may not want to discuss."... 

In 10.3 we introduce two fundamental approaches to reaction equilibrium calculations the traditional stoichiometric method and a nonstoichiometric method, which is useful when many reactions are occurring and when products and reactants are known but the reactions are unknown. In setting up both kinds of calculations, we must again confront issues related to standard states, and we must select appropriate computational forms. These issues are discussed in 10.4 for reacting systems. 

The copolymerization of carbon monoxide and propylene confronts issues of both regiochemistry and stereochemistry. The catalyst must control the re osdectivity of the insertion of the a-olefin and the relative and absolute stereochemistry along the main chain. A majority of the studies on the copolymerization of carbon monoxide and substituted olefins have been conducted with styrene and propene as the olefin. The regiochemistiy and steieochemistiy of the copolymerization of carbon monoxide with styrene is distinct from those of the copolymerization of carbon monoxide with propene. These differences result finm differences in the electronic properties of tine olefins and its impact on the regiochemistry for the insertion. The copolymerization of carbon monoxide with styrene is presented first, and tine copolymerization of carbon monoxide with propylene is presented second. 

In general, it is easier to estabUsh an aquaculture faciUty on private land than in pubHc waters such as a lake or coastal embayment. Prospective aquaculturists who want to estabUsh faciUties in pubHc waters may be confronted at pubHc hearings by outraged citizens who do not want to see an aquaculture faciUty in what they consider to be their water. The issue is highly contentious in some nations (eg, the United States). In other countries, aquaculture in pubHc waters is seen as not only a good use of natural resources, but can be considered an amenity (eg, Japan). 

To properly assess drug safety, we must be able to systematically tap the information captured in the massive amounts of medical data collected in both premarketing and postmarketing settings. In addition, as stated above, we must also be able to reproduce findings in different repositories of medical data in an auditable way. However, two major issues in studying drug safety confront us. 

As previously indicated, test methods and standards for bioequivalency determinations are continuing to evolve. In this section of the chapter consideration is given to some of the issues in this areas that presently confront us. In some instances the topics are essentially technical in nature. In others, financial implications introduce political aspects that do not simplify the situation. It seems likely that while some of these questions may be resolved in the relatively near future, others may require years of debate and exploration before a final resolution is achieved. 

While the formation of multiadducts in the above reactions clearly demonstrates the difficulties confronted in terms of controlling the reaction, the issue of whether C6o and C70 undergo addition by carbon electrophiles is of great interest, because such a reaction would provide a useful method for carbon-carbon bond formation for the derivatization of fiillerenes. Initial attempts to test the possibility of electrophilic alkylation of C6o with terf-butyl chloride and AICI3 gave only polymeric products, probably formed via isobutene, indicating the insufficient reactivity of C60 towards terf-butyl cation. 

Or in other words, will the level of aggregate demand generated by any level of output be sufficient to purchase the whole of that output (Ken way 1980 33). This, Kenway argues, is the issue confronted by Marx in the second volume of Capital and in particular, in chapter twenty (ibid. 33). 

As noted earlier, this chapter is focused on the design and evaluation of oral dosage forms. A few thoughts are provided to introduce some of the different biopharmaceutical issues that confront the design of some nonoral dosage forms. 

I will refer to the analyses based on these sources collectively as the fact book coding and analysis (FCA) portion of the Evergreen studies. It is believed that these analyses represent the largest exploration of text-based secondary source information concerning the causes of firm performance to date. Furthermore, they are based on data sources that have generally not been drawn upon by organizational researchers because of the formidable methodological issues that have to be confronted and addressed for their utilization. 

Risk managers are confronted with a host of fairly complex technical, legal, and social issues when making decisions about whether to restrict people s exposure to consumer products, drugs, food ingredients, and environmental chemicals, and about the degree of restriction that is necessary. When all of this complex analysis is done, however, the manager needs to be able to face the public and declare that the final decision will ensure that their health will be protected. The... 

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