Conclusion Future Applications

Benson SC, Singh P, Glazer AN (1993) Heterodimeric DNA-binding dyes designed for energy transfer Synthesis and spectroscopic properties. Nucleic Acids Res 21 5727-5735. 

Bianchi N, Mischiati C, Feriotto G, Gambari R (1994) Detection of hepatitis C virus by unbalanced polymerase-chain reaction, hybridization to synthetic oligonucleotides and capillary electrophoresis. Int J Oncol 4 903-907. 

Bocek P, Chrambach A (1991b) Electrophoretic size separations in liquefied agarose of polystyrene particles and circular DNA. Electrophoresis 12 620-623. 

Bocek P, Chrambach A (1992) Capillary electrophoresis in agarose solutions Extension of size separations to DNA of 12 kb in length. Electrophoresis 13 31-34. 

Bocek P, Chrambach A (1991a) Capillary electrophoresis of DNA in agarose solutions at 40°C. Electrophoresis 12 1059-1061. 

---

In conclusion, the applicability of the transition metal catalyzed hydroformylation of easily accessible functionalized or non-functionalized unsaturated compounds is expanded by its implementation in reaction sequences, tandem reactions or domino reactions. The hydroformylation can be combined with simple functional group transformations, such as reduction or isomerization, or with C,0-, C,N- and, most importantly, C,C-bond forming reactions. It can be expected that more interesting examples and applications will be presented in the future. 

A review of alloy and process development of the TiAl alloy has been published by Wu (2006). The main conclusions are that TiAl development is now relatively mature the major requirement is the promotion of low cost processing coupled with the supply of high-quality raw material the future application of net shape powder process routes could be cost effective both for complex large components and for some small components. Special attention is dedicated in this review to alloys based on Ti-(45—46)Al-(5-8)Nb (at.%) and Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb (at.%). 

Two conclusions concerning future application of layered compounds in solar energy converting devices can be derived from the present investigation ... 

In conclusion, it has been demonstrated that the pyroelectric properties of polar materials can be compared relatively simply through the measurement of a few key physical parameters (pyroelectric,dielectric and thermal coefficients) and the judicious use of appropriate figures-of-merit. It is essential that the dielectric properties are measured in the frequency range appropriate for device use, and this is typically in the range of a few to 100 Hz. The properties of many pyroelectric ceramics and thin films have been compared and it has been shown that good pyroelectric properties can be obtained from this films manufactured at relatively low temperatures, a fact that bodes well for their future applications in fully-integrated arrays. 

In conclusion, the potential of soluble, nanosized metallodendrimers as catalysts in homogeneous reactions is well-consolidated. Future applications of these species are foreseen in high-tech nanotechnology applications in the fields of nano- and microreactors, cascade catalysis, and catalytic biomonitoring and biosensing. In this respect, the recent use of noncovalent strategies for the construction of multicomponent catalytic assemblies, and the use of biomacromolecules within dendritic structures is intriguing [60-62,92,93]. 

Introduction Biologic Background Platinum Imaging Techniques Conclusion and Future Applications... 

In the preceding Sects. 3.4.1 and 3.4.2 we have described the QCM response to a disintegration of the actin cytoskeleton on the one hand and to cross-linking of all cellular protein by chemical fixatives on the other. The data implied that cell stiffness brought about by the cytoskeleton determines the acoustic response. However, the experimental means to arrive at this conclusion were rather drastic, in particular when chemical fixatives were applied. With respect to future applications of the QCM in cell biology it seems important to understand whether the technique is sensitive enough to monitor physiological alterations in cell stiffness. We therefore tested the QCM approach on an established phenomenon that has been published recently. 

Conclusions Achievements, Current Role, and Future Applications of Rituximab... 

The major conclusion of this review is that the investigation and control of mode of polymerization, structure and morphology is not only of scientific interest but will be of great importance in developing any future applications, such as those described in this paper. 

Conclusions - from chemical ecology to future applications impacts of the study of the microbiota... 

In conclusion, GD-OE S is a very versatile analytical technique which is still in a state of rapid technical development. In particular, the introduction of rf sources for non-conductive materials has opened up new areas of application. Further development of more advanced techniques, e. g. pulsed glow discharge operation combined with time-gated detection [4.217], is likely to improve the analytical capabilities of GD-OE S in the near future. 

The application of the quantum mechanics to the interaction of more complicated atoms, and to the non-polar chemical bond in general, is now being made (45). A discussion of this work can not be given here it is, however, worthy of mention that qualitative conclusions have been drawn which are completely equivalent to G. N. Lewis s theory of the shared electron pair. The further results which have so far been obtained are promising and we may look forward with some confidence to the future explanation of chemical valence in general in terms of the Pauli exclusion principle and the Heisenberg-Dirac resonance phenomenon. 

In conclusion, we hope that this volume will be valued by researchers in the field, and by those who are engaged in the future developments and applications of antiviral strategies. 

Several aspects of AFM and its applications to rubbery materials were discussed and illustrated in this chapter. Despite a definite advance in this field during the last 10 years, there is plenty of room for more improvement of this method that will further broaden its use. In conclusion, we would like to mention several future capabilities. 

In conclusion, polymer electrolytes based on phosphazene backbone and containing ether side chains are, after complexation with alkali metal salts, among the highest ionically solvent-free polymer salt complexes, with conductivities in the order of 10" -10" S cm However, these conductivities are still below the value of 10 S cm" which is considered to be the minimum for practical applications. Therefore the design of new polyphosphazenes electrolytes with a higher conductivity and also a higher dimensional stability still remains a challenge for future researchers. 

Repeat the dynamics using a temperature simulation of 80°C. Compare these results with the results from Studies 3. la and 3.2a. An interesting question for the student to contemplate is whether the use of the alternative variegated cell, abab, would produce different results in these studies. Reach a conclusion as to whether the more detailed aabb cell has any significant differences from the uniform cell employed in Applications 1 and 2. The future use of the variegated cell may be important when different features of the same molecule are to be encoded. More on this in later chapters. 

Enzyme-mediated syntheses of chiral non-racemic hetero-organic compounds, with a stereogenic centre located either on a heteroatom or on a carbon atom in a side chain, are comprehensively presented. Particular attention is paid to the use of common hydrolytic and reducing enzymes. On the basis of the results presented, some conclusions are drawn and proposals presented, which concern possible future direchons in the applications of enzymes to the synthesis and transformations of chiral hetero-organic derivatives. 

This book marks the conclusion of this strong period of development and is therefore a milestone in measurement science. As such, the field already has a history. But as history makes no sense without a future, the last Chapter of this book deals with expected further developments in terms of organization and needs. Between history and future the book presents, as a snap shot, the application of standards in analytical chemistry. The perspective of Quality Assurance is never forgotten. 

---