Valency chemical

An RG of type I (RG I) produces from a given BE-matrix B those pairs (B,E) that comply with B + R = E under the mathematical fitting conditions (a) and the valence chemical boundary conditions (b), while an RG of type II (RG II) produces from a given R-matrix R all pairs (B,E) under the above conditions. Accordingly, an RG I elaborates all chemical reactions that an EM(B) can undergo, or by which it can be formed, whereas all reactions that have in common the same electron shift pattern, as given by R, are manufactured by an RG II. Thus the RG I and RG II are complementary devices and so are the computer programs that contain them. 

Note that in Figure 7.4 the diagonal entries of the unstable valence schemes indicate that these must disappear during the reaction. Furthermore, an empty row in a transition table means that the respective valence scheme must not exist in the educts, whereas an empty column points to a valence scheme that is forbidden in the products. The transition tables do not only enforce the valence chemical boundary conditions, but they also may be used to specify the allowed direction of a reaction (ref. 14). 

Since 1979 a TRG II is used as the engine of IGOR (ref. 11). The user of IGOR defines a R-matrix R and selects for each of its rows/columns a set of chemical elements whose valence chemical roles are described by their transition tables. For each row/column of (B,E) the union of the allowed transition tables is formed. From these the valence schemes, their transitions, and the compatible chemical elements are found for the row/columns pairs of B and E. 

UPS, XPS (ESCA) 3 nm 0.1% Species, surface elemental composition, valency, chemical bond Li-U... 

Since 1970 [12] the term logical structure of chemistry has been used for a system of relations between the objects of chemistry. Isomerism, the interconvertibility by chemical reactions and the other types of chemical similarity [19] belong to the most important relations between molecular systems. The logical structure of chemistry is determined by the valence chemical properties of the approximately 100 chemical elements [27],... 

The most common route of exposure to plutonium is inhalation. The absorption of plutonium following inhalation was dependent on its physicochemical properties including isotope number, the mass deposited, valence, chemical compound, and particle size (Bair et al. 1962b Guilmette et al. 

A table which contains for all chemical elements the allowable combinations of b., b., coordination numbers and bond orders affords a quick check whether a BE-matrix represents a valence chemically stable molecular system. 

Thus it is possible to find for a given EM all of its chemical reactions and their products by the transformation properties of the BE-matrices, and the valence chemical constraints of the latter. The application of all mathematically and chemically fitting R-matrices to a BE-matrix generates the BE-matrices of the whole FIEM. 

From the birthday of the modem chemistry, i.e., since Boyle had used for the first time a coherent atomic theory in science in his 1661 famous book The Skeptical Chymist, the fundamental principles and concepts of matter stmcture were constantly shared by the physics and chemistry. However, the divorce of chemistry from physics would have to come with many occasions by means of classical chemical concepts, e g., valence, chemical bond, and electronegativity. The mystery by which the atoms are kept together and still preserving their intimate properties was searched by great minds, from Newton to Lewis, being the key furnished only with the advent of quantum theory. Within this new paradigm of matter there is the feeling that the physics and chemistry are united under the actual common... 

Mulliken, R. S. 1931a. Bonding power of electrons and theory of valence. Chemical Reviews 9 347-388. 

Roberts, J. D. 1952. Book review of Coulson s Valence. Chemical and Engineering News 30 5189. 

Rodebush, W. H. 1928. The electron theory of valence. Chemical Reviews 5 509-531. 

Mulliken, 1931] R. S. Mulliken. Bonding Power of Electrons and Theory of Valence, Chemical Reviews 9(3) 347-388, 1931. 

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