Conceptual studies

Since it is a conceptual study employing a theoretical reactor model, it is also important to appreciate the limits of this type of investigation. The advantage of the computer investigation over a pilot or production reactor investigation is the obvious cost and time saving over the real reactor experiment. 

These asymptotic forms may be useful for conceptual studies, but the real design calculations must be based on the full Ergun equation. Turning to the case of compressible fluids, scaleup using geometric similarity with Sr = Sl = S is generally infeasible. Simply stated, the reactors are just too long and have too much inventory. 

Distributed Manufacturing - A Conceptual Study of Future Scenarios... 

The benefits and feasibility of hybrid systems have been established with conceptual studies and small-scale demonstrations fueled with natural gas. If large-scale, greater than 100-MW, fuel cell/turbine hybrid systems are to become a reality a reduction in fuel cell costs and scalability to larger units is required. The SECA program demonstrated 3 to 10 kW SOFC systems with costs of less than 800/kW in 2005. 

Lewandowski, Z., P Stoodley, and S. Altobelli. 1995. Experimental and conceptual studies on mass transport in biofilms. Water Science and Technology 31 153-162. 

Ward D.J., Cook I., Knight P.J., Proceedings of the 18th Fusion Energy Conference, 2000, IAEA-CN-77/FTP2/20 and Ward D.J., Cook I., Taylor N.P., Power Plant Conceptual Study (PPCS) Stage II... 

Fujima, Y Tagashira, K., Takahashi, Y., Ohme, S., Ichimura, S., and Arakawa, Y. Conceptual study on fast fluidization formation, in Circulating Fluidized Bed Technology III (P. Basu. M. Horio, and M. Hasatani, eds.), pp. 85-90. Pergamon Press, 1991. 

Figure 3.24. System layout for SOFC plant based on natural gas fuel (NG), with gas cleaning except for CO2 and with the possibility of combined power and heat output. "Anode" and "cathode" are obsolete names for the negative and positive electrodes. (From Fontell et al. (2004). Conceptual study of a 250 kW planar SOFC system for CHP application. /. Power Sources 131,49-56. Used by permission from Elsevier.)...

After solidification and packaging, our conceptual studies assume that the waste may be placed in an on-site Retrievable Surface Storage Facility (RSSF). For the design basis assumed for this study, there would probably be a total of 9,000-10,000 containers, 2 ft in diameter by 10 ft in length, with an average heat output of / 250 W/container. The RSSF would probably be close-coupled to the solidification plant. The facility is expected to have the following characteristics ... 

Feasibility- Analysis The feasibility analysis is an important result of the conceptual study, which gives technical and economic assessments of the process, evaluations of different concepts, and a statement of license application [1027]. 

Appreciation of the need for real quality standards must therefore be one of the con siderations during the conceptual studies by the product research department of the large multinational companies and by a market research assessment of the potential market slot. It requires an assessment of the market the product is intended to satisfy, followed by the incorporation of these market requirements into the first paper designs. 

The reader is reminded of the usual caveat Detailed calculations are needed to confirm any design. The scaling exponents are approximate. They are used for conceptual studies and to focus attention on the most promising options for scaleup. Pick a promising strategy and then do accurate calculations to confirm the choice. 

D. Maisonnier, 1. Cook, P. Sardain, R. Andreani, L.Di Pace, R. Forrest, L. Giancarli, S. Hermsmeyer, P. Norajitra, N. Taylor, and D. Ward, A Conceptual Study of Commercial Fusion Power Plants Final Report of the European Power Plant Conceptual Study (PPCS), EFDA Rep., EFDA-RP-RE-5,0, 2004. 

Henningson, Durham Richardson, Inc. "Burlington, Vermont Refuse-Wood Power Plant, Aquaculture, Greenhouse - A Conceptual Study" Washington D.C. 1977. 

HW-70655 Rev. 1, Engineering Conceptual Study Report, High Speed Scanning Temperature Monitoring System For IO5-KW Reactor,... 

The detailed designs presently in progress for the next machine (i.e. ITER) have, moreover, many features in common with these reactor conceptual studies and confirm their credibility. 

This paper describes the two new hoisting shafts in Garpenberg (ore and persoimel) and covers the process from a Conceptual study in 2007 followed by Ferisibihty study in 2008, a new Conceptual study in 2009 and a final Feasibility study in 2010. Approval for the project was obtained in January 2011. The two hoisting shafts were commissioned cuid become fuUy operational in the first half of 2014. 

In order to investigate and determine the economic and technical conditions for increased ore production, Boliden conducted a conceptual study in 2007. 

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