Concentration viscosity affected

Electrophoretic separations occur in electrolytes. The type, composition, pH, concentration, viscosity, and temperature of the electrolytes are all crucial parameters for separation optimization. The composition of the electrolyte determines its conductivity, buffer capacity, and ion mobility and also affects the physical nature of a fused silica surface. The general requirements for good electrolytes are listed in Table 1. Due to the complex effects of the type, concentration, and pH of the separation media buffer, conditions should be optimized for each particular separation problem. 

Type and concentration of emulsifier. The viscosity and yield value of emulsions (chemical nature of the emulsifier. Sherman (1955c) proposed two possible reasons for this, namely interfacial viscosity and interfacial adsorption. Interfacial viscosity affects the resistance of droplets to deformation, which is reflected in the resulting emulsion viscosity. A high level of interfacial adsorption enlarges the size of the interfacial layer significantly and increases emulsion viscosity. Adsorption of emulsifier at the interface should also increase with the concentration of emulsifier. The... 

When an emulsifier is used, its type and concentration primarily affects the number of latex particles formed, which in turn determines the rate of polymerization and, depending also on the rate of initiation, the molecular weight of the polymer formed. Although the physical properties of the polymer are primarily dependent on its molecular waght and molecular weight distribution, the properties of the latex depend on its concentration, average particle size, particle size distribution, and the viscosity of the aqueous phase, which may be enhanced by addition of a thickener—a water-soluble polymer not adsorbed by the polymer phase which does not affect the course of the reaction,... 

Emulsions at least 600 times lower in viscosity than viscous crudes at 607. oil concentration can be made. It is not clear how oil viscosity affects emulsion properties. 

The divalent concentration strongly affected viscosity reduction. 

Viscosity of the resist solution as a function of concentration is affected by both free-volume change and entanglement formation as the solvent evaporates (16). The former can be accommodated in a manner similar to the development of the Fujita-Doolittle equation (17, 18), whereas proper consideration of the latter must invoke scaling concepts (19) to account for chain-chain interactions. For the present effort, we assumed the viscosity function to be a product of the above two components ... 

Another important parameter affecting emulsions is the surfactant concentration that affects surface chemistry. This factor was tested for reverse water-in-oil emulsion. The oil phase was simply commercially available car-lubricating oil diluted twice with paint thinner in order to reduce the viscosity of the final sample. Figure 12 illustrates results for emulsions prepared with 6% by weight of water. 

The diameters of nanofibers are important due to the fact that they directly affect conductivities of the mats. There are different reports about the effect of CPs on the diameters of nanofibers. Some of them reported higher diameters some of them reported lower diameters with increasing CP content The parameters like the method, concentration, viscosities, types of pol5miers, and conditions are also important to determine the effect of CPs on the diameters. 

Plasticizer type and concentration. Plasticizers affect viscosity of plastisols for two different reasons ... 

Physical models for the potential effect of surfactant concentration on film drainage rate have been discussed in detail in Section 5.2. It was predicted that surface tension gradients and surface viscosity affect film drainage rate. It was expected that the drainage rate would increase with an increase in surfactant concentration due to the lessening of the intensity of surface tension gradients. However, It was also expected that the drainage rate would decrease as the surfactant concentration increased due to the increase of surface viscosity. 

The production rate may vary widely, but a common design factor is 6.5 tonnes of P205/mVday. The filtration rate is affected primarily by the size and shape of gypsum crystals which, in turn, are affected by conditions in the reaction section including the type of phosphate rock, use of crystal shape modifiers, control of reaction conditions, etc. Insoluble impurities in the rock, such as clay, may affect filtration rates adversely [i9 The filtration rate is also affected by the temperature, concentration, viscosity of the acid, and the desired recovery. While many plants strive for maximum recovery, in specific plants there is often an economic optimum operating rate at which increased production is attained at some sacrifice of recovery. 

The electrode surface area and the reactant concentration both affect the current. Other factors that also affect the current include the temperature and the viscosity of the solution and it is important to ensure that these parameters remain constant so the measured current is proportional to the reactant concentration. This is particularly important for quantitative analysis. 

The particle cut size and sharpness of separation are considerably affected by the slurry feed rate, solids concentration, viscosity and admission pressure ... 

Soft high clay is present in certain copper ores. In a diluted form at weight concentration smaUer than 40%, it can be handled fairly weU. However, particular attention must be paid in mUling circuits when the concentration may approach 50%, as the viscosity affects flow and recirculation loads. 

As with solutions of extended-chain polyamides (12), the critical concentration is affected by polymer molecular weight, being higher as molecular weight decreases (Fig. 7). At low inherent viscosities solubility may be insufficient for the attainment of a liquid crystalline state. On the other hand, solvent-polymer interaction may be so strong as to prevent the development of liquid crystalline order. 

Here,/is initial water cut value before the polymer flood 2 is the proportion of the channel sand body kd is permeability ratio Vk is Dykstra-Parsons coefficient of permeability variation m is well pattern density and 0 is a factor affected by the polymer-injection formula (that is to say, how much the effectiveness is affected by factors such as concentration, viscosity, and polymer-bank size). R is the oil recovery before polymer flood N is the connectivity factor between injectors and producers S is the proportion of wells with separate layers and B is the proportion of the wells that adopted the measures of profile modification. 

Nanoparticle size and concentration also affect the phase separation through miscibility and viscosity changes, leading to different blend morphology and properties, such as electrical conductivity and structural integrity [36-38]. 

It is well known that the diameter of nanofibers, as well as the structure and morphology of electrospun membranes, are influenced by the concentration and viscosity of polymer solutions [79-82]. Polymer concentration highly affects the viscosity and surface tension of the solution, which in turn controls the formation of nanofibers. For instance, a solution with low polymer concentration (i.e., low viscosity)... 

Criticize or defend the following proposition In dilute solutions, branching affects viscosity only inasmuch as the branched molecule has a more compact shape. At higher concentrations, the effect of branching is closer to a bulk effect. 

Aluminum hydroxide gel may be prepared by a number of methods. The products vary widely in viscosity, particle size, and rate of solution. Such factors as degree of supersaturation, pH during precipitation, temperature, and nature and concentration of by-products present affect the physical properties of the gel. 

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