Comprehensive two-dimensional

C. A. Bruckner, B. J. Prazen and R. E. Synovec, Comprehensive two-dimensional liigh-speed gas chr omatogr aphy withchemometric analysis . Awn/. Chem. 70 2796-2804 (1998). 

C. J. Venkati amani, J. Xu and J. B. Phillips, Sepai ation orthogonality in temperature-programmed comprehensive two-dimensional gas cliromatography . Anal. Chem. 68 1486-1492(1996). 

G. S. Frysinger, R. B. Gaines and E. B. Ledford-Jr, Quantitative determination of BTEX and total aromatic compounds in gasoline by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC X GC) , 7. High Resolut. Chromatogr. 22 195-200 (1999). 

R. B. Gaines, G. S. Fiysinger, M. S. Hendrick-Smith and J. D. Stuart, Oil spill source identification using comprehensive two-dimensional gas cliromatography . Environ. Sci. Technol. 33 2106-12 (1999). 

L. A. Holland and J. W. Jorgenson, Separ ation of nanoliter samples of biological amines by a comprehensive two-dimensional microcolumn liquid chr omatography system . Awn/. Chem. 67 3275-3283 (1995). 

COMPREHENSIVE TWO-DIMENSIONAL SEPARATIONS WITH AN ELECTRODRIVEN COMPONENT... 

Figure 9.6 Surfer-generated chromatoeletropherogram of fluorescamine-labeled tryptic digest of ovalbumin. Reprinted from Analytical Chemistry, 62, M. M. Bushey and J. W. Jorgenson, Automated instrumentation for comprehensive two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography/capillary zone electrophoresis, pp 978-984, copyright 1990, with permission from the American Chemical Society.

A. V. Lemmo and J. W. Jorgenson, Transverse flow gating interface for the coupling of mictocolumn LC with CZE in a comprehensive two-dimensional system . Anal. Chem. 65 1576-1581 (1993). 

A. W. Moore-Jr and J. W. Jorgenson, Rapid comprehensive two-dimensional separations of peptides via RPLC-optically gated capillary zone electiophoresis . Anal. Chem. 67 3448-3455 (1995). 

G. J. Opiteck, S. M. Ramirez, J. W. Jorgenson and M. A. Moseley-III, Comprehensive two-dimensional liigh-performance liquid cliromatogr aphy for the isolation of overexpressed proteins andproteome mapping . Awn/. Biochem. 258 349-361 (1998). 

Z. Liu, I. Osti ovsky, P. B. Farnsworth and M. L. Lee, Insti umentation for comprehensive two-dimensional capillary supercritical fluid-gas chromatography , Chromato-gmphia 35 567-573 (1993). 

Z. Liu, S. R. Siiimanne, D. G. Patterson, L. L. Needham and J. B. Phillips, Comprehensive two-dimensional gas cliromatogi aphy for the fast sepai ation and determination of pesticides from human seram . Arm/. Chem. 66 3086-3092. (1994)... 

When John Phillips, in 1991, presented the practical possibility of acquiring a real comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatographic separation (33), the analytical chemists in the oil industry were quick to pounce upon this technique. Venkatramani and Phillips (34) subsequently indicated that GC X GC is a very powerful technique, which offers a very high peak capacity, and is therefore eminently suitable for analysing complex oil samples. These authors were able to count over 10 000 peaks in a GC X GC chromatogram of a kerosine. Blomberg, Beens and co-workers... 

J. Blomberg, P. J. Schoenmakers, J. Beens and R. Tijssen, Comprehensive two-dimensional gas clii omatography (GC X GC), and its applicability to the characterization of complex (petrochemical) mixtures , 7. High Resolut. Chromatogr. 20 539-544 (1997). 

J. B. Phillips and J. Beens, Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography a hyphenated method with strong coupling between the two dimensions , J. Chromatogr. 856 331-347 (1999). 

Although comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography has not been applied to any great extent in forensic analysis, the technique shows great promise when samples or sample matrices are complex. For example, when oil is spilled into waterways, assigning responsibility for the economic and environmental damage is often difficult. Gaines et al. employed comprehensive two-dimensional GC in the forensic analysis of samples collected at oil-spill sites and were able to obtain results which were comparable to those obtained by classical methods (39). This article also... 

Comprehensive two-dimensional GC has also been employed for the analysis of pesticides from serum, which, although not strictly a forensic analytical problem , provides an example of the promise of this technique to forensic applications, such as the analysis of drugs of abuse (40). Two-dimensional gas chromatograms of a 17-pesticide standard and an extract from human serum are shown in Figure 15.13. The total analysis time of about 5 min, high peak capacity and the separation of all... 

Figure 15.13 Comprehensive two-dimensional GC chromatogram of a supercritical fluid exti act of spiked human semm. Peak identification is as follows 1, dicamha 2, tiifluralin 3, dicliloran 4, phorate 5, pentachlorophenol 6, atrazine 7, fonofos 8, diazinon 9, cWorothalonil 10, terhufos 11, alachlor 12, matalaxyl 13, malathion 14, metalochlor 15, DCPA 16, captan 17, folpet 18, heptadecanoic acid. Adapted imm Analytical Chemistry, 66, Z. Liu et al., Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography for the fast separation and determination of pesticides exuacted from human senim , pp. 3086-3092, copyright 1994, with pemiission from the American Chemical Society.

G. S. Frysinger and R. B. Gaines, Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatogr aphy with mass spectrometric detection, (GC X GC/MS) applied to the analysis of petr oleum , /. High Resolut. Chromatogr. 22 251 -255 (1999). 

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