Comprehensive two-dimensional chromatography

Peters, S., Vivo-Truyols, G., Marriott, P.J., Schoenmakers, PJ. (2007). Development of a resolution metric for comprehensive two-dimensional chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A 1146, 232-241. 

Seeley, J.V. (2002). Theoretical study of incomplete sampling of the first dimension in comprehensive two-dimensional chromatography. J. Chromgr. A 962, 21-27. 

Micyus, N.J., Seeley, S.K., Seeley, J.V. (2005). Method for reducing the ambiguity of comprehensive two-dimensional chromatography retention times. J. Chromatogr. A 1086(1-2), 171-174. 

Tranchida, P. Q., Dugo, P., Dugo, G., and Mondello, L. (2004). Comprehensive two-dimensional chromatography in food analysis.. Chromatogr. A1054,3-16. 

With comprehensive two-dimensional chromatography the attainable peak capacity increases enormously, thus also the chance for the separation of difficult and complex separation problems. Figure 18.10 shows the two-dimensional separation of antioxidants on a polar (polyethylene glycol silica) and a nonpolar (Cig silica) stationary phase. 

In comprehensive two-dimensional chromatography, time fractions of the first-dimension separation are transferred onto the second-dimension column for a further separation, as explained in previous chapters. Of course, there is no... 

Columns of different polarities may be coupled in series under the conditions of dual column chromatography, two-dimensional chromatography, or comprehensive two-dimensional chromatography. In this part, only the separation selectivity tuning in dual column chromatography will be illustrated with some examples. 

Frysinger and co-workers (145) published an interesting application of comprehensive two-dimensional chromatography (GC x GC) coupled with a... 

G. S. Frysinger, R. B. Gaines and E. B. Ledford-Jr, Quantitative determination of BTEX and total aromatic compounds in gasoline by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC X GC) , 7. High Resolut. Chromatogr. 22 195-200 (1999). 

Figure 9.6 Surfer-generated chromatoeletropherogram of fluorescamine-labeled tryptic digest of ovalbumin. Reprinted from Analytical Chemistry, 62, M. M. Bushey and J. W. Jorgenson, Automated instrumentation for comprehensive two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography/capillary zone electrophoresis, pp 978-984, copyright 1990, with permission from the American Chemical Society.

L. A. Holland and J. W. Jor genson, Separ ation of nanoliter samples of biological amines by a comprehensive two-dimensional microcolumn liquid chromatography system . Anal. Chem. 67 3275-3283 (1995). 

Z. Liu, I. Osti ovsky, P. B. Farnsworth and M. L. Lee, Insti umentation for comprehensive two-dimensional capillary supercritical fluid-gas chromatography , Chromato-gmphia 35 567-573 (1993). 

J. B. Phillips and J. Beens, Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography a hyphenated method with strong coupling between the two dimensions , J. Chromatogr. 856 331-347 (1999). 

Although comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography has not been applied to any great extent in forensic analysis, the technique shows great promise when samples or sample matrices are complex. For example, when oil is spilled into waterways, assigning responsibility for the economic and environmental damage is often difficult. Gaines et al. employed comprehensive two-dimensional GC in the forensic analysis of samples collected at oil-spill sites and were able to obtain results which were comparable to those obtained by classical methods (39). This article also... 

Figure 15.13 Comprehensive two-dimensional GC chromatogram of a supercritical fluid exti act of spiked human semm. Peak identification is as follows 1, dicamha 2, tiifluralin 3, dicliloran 4, phorate 5, pentachlorophenol 6, atrazine 7, fonofos 8, diazinon 9, cWorothalonil 10, terhufos 11, alachlor 12, matalaxyl 13, malathion 14, metalochlor 15, DCPA 16, captan 17, folpet 18, heptadecanoic acid. Adapted imm Analytical Chemistry, 66, Z. Liu et al., Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography for the fast separation and determination of pesticides exuacted from human senim , pp. 3086-3092, copyright 1994, with pemiission from the American Chemical Society.

Opiteck, G. J. Ramirez, S. M. Jorgenson, J. W. Moseley, M. A., 3rd. Comprehensive two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography for the isolation of overexpressed proteins and proteome mapping. Anal. Biochem. 1998,258,349-361. 

Fraga, C.G., Corley, C. A. (2005). The chemometric resolution and quantification of overlapped peaks from comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A 1096, 40-49. 

Murphy, R.E., Schure, M.R., Foley, J.P. (1998). Effect of sampling rate on resolution in comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography. Anal. Chem. 70, 1585-1594. 

Sinha, A.E., Hope, J.L., Prazen, B.J., Fraga, C.G., Nilsson, E.J., Synovec, R.E. (2004a). Multivariate selectivity as a metric for evaluating comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-fhght mass spectrometry subjected to chemometric peak deconvolution. J. Chromatogr. A 1056, 145-154. 

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